A  r>  CT 


THE  YALE  SHAKESPEARE 


EDITED  BY 
WILBUR  L.  CROSS  TUCKER  BROOKE 

WlLLARD    HlGLEY    DURHAM 


PUBLISHED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION 

OF   THE 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ENGLISH,  YALE  UNIVERSITY, 

ON  THE  FUND 
GIVEN  TO  THE  YALE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS  IN  1917 

BY  THE  MEMBERS  OF  THE 
KINGSLEY  TRUST  ASSOCIATION 

To  COMMEMORATE  THE  SEVENTY-FIFTH  ANNIVERSARY 
OF  THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  SOCIETY 


:  The  Yale 


THE  TRAGEDY  OF 
JULIUS  CJESAR 


EDITED  BY 

LAWRENCE  MASON 


DO   NOT  REPLACE 

$JLfUu^- 

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NEW  HAVEN  •  YALE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LONDON  •  HUMPHREY  MILFORD 
OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS  •  MCMXIX 


COPYRIGHT,  1919 
BY  YALK  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


First  published,  May,  1919. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

THE  TEXT 1 

NOTES 99 

APPENDIX  A.  Sources  of  the  Play  .  .  .112 
APPENDIX  B.  The  History  of  the  Play  .  .115 
APPENDIX  C.  The  Text  of  the  Present  Edition  118 
APPENDIX  D.  Suggestions  for  Collateral  Reading  119 
INDEX  OF  WORDS  GLOSSED  .  .  .  .121 


The  facsimile  opposite  represents  page  two~in  Mr. 
William  A.  White's  copy  of  the  fifth  quarto  edition. 
Three  copies  of  this  edition  are  known  to  survive. 


Dramatis  Perform 


Confpirators 


againft 

Ctfar. 


MEN. 

JUlius  Caefar 
Oftavius  Gsfar 
Antony 
Brutus 
Caffius 
Caska 
Trebonius 


Ligarius 
Decius  Brutus 
Metellus  Cimber 
Cinna 
Flavius 
,Murellus 
Artemidorus 
Friends  totMeffala 
Brutus.    ^Titinius 

Cinna  the  *Poet 
Lucius  Servant  to 
Brutus 


Plebeians 


WOMEN. 


Calphurnia 
Portia 


Mr.'Perrin. 
Mr.  Kynafton. 
Mr,  Bet  t  en  on. 
Mr.  Smith. 
Mr.  Griffin. 
Mr.  Saunders, 
Mr.  Bowman. 


Mr.  Mount  fort. 
Mr.CarliJfe. 
Mr  .  Nor  r  is. 
Mr. 

Mr.Tercivaf. 
Mr.  Wiltshire* 
Mr.  Gillo. 
Mr.  Jevon. 

Mr. 

Mr.UnJertiff. 
Mr.  Lee. 
Mr.  Bright. 


Md.  Slingsby. 
Mrs.  C<?^. 


GUARDS  and   ATTENDANTS. 

S  C  E  N  E,  for  the  Three  frft  Atfs,  and  Beginning  of  the  Fourth, 
in  Rome  j  for  the  Remainder  of  the  Fourth^  near  Sard  is ;  for 
the  Fifth,  m  the  Fields  of  Philippi* 


Conspirators  against  Julius 
Ccesar 


[DRAMATIS  PERSONS 

JULIUS  CAESAR 

OCTAVIUS  CAESAR,  1  Triumvirs        *ter    the    J)eath 

MARCUS  ANTONIUS,  > 
M.  JEMILIUS  LEPIDUS,J 
CICERO,  1 

PUBLIUS,  \Senators 

POPILIUS  LENA,] 
MARCUS  BRUTUS, 
CAIUS  CASSIUS, 
CASCA, 
TREBONIUS, 
LIGARIUS, 
DECIUS  BRUTUS, 
METELLUS  CIMBER, 

ClNNA, 

FLAVIUS  and  MARULLUS,  Tribunes 

ARTEMIDORUS,  a  Sophist  of  Cnidos 

A  Soothsayer 

CINNA,  a  Poet 

Another  Poet 

LUCILIUS, 

TITINIUS, 

MESSALA, 

YOUNG  CATO, 

VOLUMNIUS, 

VARRO, 

CLITUS, 

CLAUDIUS, 

STRATO, 

Lucius, 

DARDANIUS, 

PINDARUS,  Servant  to  Cassius 

CALPURNIA,  Wife  to  Ccesar 
PORTIA,  Wife  to  Brutus 

Commoners,  or  Plebeians,  of  Rome;  Senators,  Guards, 
Attendants,  etc. 

SCENE:  Act  I-Act  IF,  Scene  i,  at  Rome;  Act  IV, 
Scenes  ii  and  iiif  near  Sardis,  in  Asia  Minor; 
Act  V ,  the  plains  near  Philippi,  in  Macedonia.] 


Friends  to  Brutus  and  Cassius 


Servants  to  Brutus 


The  Tragedy  of  Julius  Ccesar 
ACT  FIRST 

Scene  One 
[Rome.     A  Street} 

Enter  Flavins,  Marullus,  and  certain  Commoners  over 
the  Stage. 

Flav.  Hence!   home,  you   idle   creatures,   get  you 

home: 

Is  this  a  holiday  ?    What !  know  you  not, 
Being  mechanical,  you  ought  not  walk 
Upon  a  labouring  day  without  the  sign  4 

Of  your  profession?     Speak,  what  trade  art  thou? 
Car.  Why,  sir,  a  carpenter. 

Mar.  Where  is  thy  leather  apron,  and  thy  rule? 
What  dost  thou  with  thy  best  apparel  on  ?  8 

You,  sir,  what  trade  are  YOU  ? 

Cob.  Truly,  sir,  in  respect  of  a  fine  workman, 
I  am  but,  as  you  would  say,  a  cobbler.   ' 
Mar.  But  what  trade  art  thou?     Answer  me  di- 
rectly. 12 
Cob.  A  trade,   sir,  that,   I   hope,   I   may   use 
with  a  safe  conscience;  which  is,,  indeed,  sir,  a 
mender  of  bad  soles. 

Mar.  What  trade,  thou  knave  ?  thou  naughty  knave, 
what  trade?  16 

Scene  One  S.  d.  Marullus;  cf.  n. 

3  mechanical :  of  the  laboring  class          walk :  go  about  the  streets 

4,  5  sign  .  .  .  profession :  artisan's  garb  and  implements 

10  in  respect  of:  in  comparison  with  11  cobbler:  bungler 

12  directly:  plainly,  wit hout  evasion          16  naughty:  wicked,  worthless 

616564 


The  Tra(j edit  <>f 


Cob.  Nay,  I  beseech  you.  sir.  be  not  out  with 
me:  yet,  if  you  be  out,  sir.  I  can  mend  you. 

Mar.  What  inean'st  thou  by  that?  Mend 
me,  thou  saucy  fellow  ?  ,  20 

Cob.   Why,  sir,  cobble  you. 
Flav.  Thou  art  a  cobbler,  art  thou? 

Cob.  Truly,  sir,  all  that  I  live  by  is  with 
the  awl:  I  meddle  with  no  tra^L-Miian's  matters, 
nor  women's  matters,  but  wit  hf  awl.  I  am.  i 
deed,  sir,  a  surgeon  to  old  shoes;  when  t.h«-y  are 
in  great  danger,  I  r«-eov<  r  thrm.  As/pr.>|>rr  men 
as  ever  trod  upon  tieat'.s  have  gone  upon 

my  handiwork.  29 

Fltir.   Hut  wherefore  art  not  in  thy  shop  to-day? 
Why  dost  thou  lead  these  men  about  the  streets? 

Cob.  Truly,  sir,  to  wear  out  their  shoes, 
to  get  myself  into  more  work.  But,  indeed,  sir. 
we  make  holiday  to  see  Caesar  and  to  rejoice  in 
his  triumph. 

Mar.  Wherefore   rejoice?      What  conquest   brings 
he  home?  86 

What  tributaries  follow  him  to  Rome 
To  grace  in  captive  bonds  his  chariot  wheels? 
You   blocks,   you   stones,   you   worse   than   senseless 

things!  - 

O  you  hard  hearts,  you  cruel  men  of  Rome,  40 

Knew  you  not  Pompey?     Many  a  time  and  oft 
Have  you  climb'd  up  to  walls  and  battlements, 
To  towers  and  windows,  yea,  to  chimney-tops, 
Your  infants  in  your  arms,  and  there  have  sat          44 
The  livelong  day,  with  patierit  expectation. 
To  see  great  Pompey  pa^ttie  streets  of  Rome: 

17  out:  out  of  temper  18  be  out:  have  hole  in  shoe 

25  with  awl;  cf.  n.  27  proper:  goodly,  worthy 

28  neat's  leather:  cowhide  35  triumph;  cf.  n. 


Julius  Ccvsar,  I.  i 


And  when  you  saw  his  chariot  but  appear. 

Have  you  not  made  a  universal  shout,  48 

ThatTiber  trembled  underneath  her  banks. 

To  neap  the  replication  of  your  sounds 

Madr   in    her   omrave   shores? 

And  do  you  now  pyt  qii  your  best  attire  ?  52 

And  do  you  now  cull  out  a  hoi  id  : 

And  do  you  now  strew  Howers  in  his  way. 

That  comes  in  triumph  over  Pompey's  blood? 

56 

Run  to  your  houses,  fall  upon  your  knees, 
Pray  to  the  gods  to  intermit  the  plague 
That  needs  must  light  on  this  ingratitude. 

/  lav.  Go,    go,    good    c  and    for    this 

fault  60 

Assemble  all  the  poor  men  of  your  sort  ; 
Draw  them  to  Tiber  banks,  and  weep  your  tears 
Into  tli.  rh.-iiinrl.  till  the  lowest  stream 
Do  kiss  the  most  exalted  shores  of  all.  64 

Exeunt  all  the  Commoner 9. 
See  whethrr  tluir  basest  metal  be  not  raov  <1 . 
They  vanish  tongue-tied  in  their  guiltiness. 
Go  you  down  that  way  towards  th<    < 
This  way  will  I.     Disrobe  the  images  68 

If  you  do  find  them  deck'd  with  ceremonies. 

Mar.  May  we  do  so? 
You  know  it  is  the  feast  of  Lupercal. 

It  is  no  matter;  let  no  images  72 

Be  hung  with  Caesar's  trophies.     I'll  about 
And  drive  away  the  vulgar  from  the  streets: 
So  do  you  too  where  you  perceive  them  thick. 

49  her;  cf.  n.  50  replication:  echo 

>3  cull  out:  choose  this  as  55  Pompey's  blood;  cf.  n.  on  line  35 

69  ceremonies:  ceremonial  trappings  71   Lupercal;  cf.  n. 


The  Tragedy  of 


These     growing     feathers     pluck'd     from     Caesar's 
wing  76 

Will  make  him  fly  an  ordinary  pitch, 
Who  else  would  soar  above  the  view  of  men 
And  keep  us  all  in  servile  fearfulness.  Exeunt. 


Scene  Two 
[A  Public  Place] 

Enter  [in  solemn  procession,  with  music]  Ccesar,  An- 
tony for  the  course,  Calpurnia,  Portia,  Decius, 
Cicero,  Brutus,  Cassius,  Casca,  [o  great  crowd 
following,  among  them]  a  Soothsayer:  after  them 
Marullus  and  Flavius. 

Cces.  Calpurnia! 

Casca.  Peace,  ho !  Caesar  speaks. 

[Music  ceases.] 

Cces.  Calpurnia ! 

Cal.  Here,  my  lord. 

Cces.  Stand  you  directly  in  Antonius'  way 
When  he  doth  run  his  course.    Antonius !  4 

^^Ant.  Caesar,  my  lord. 

Cces.  Forget  not,  in  your  speed,  Antonius, 
To  touch  Calpurnia;  for  our  elders  say, 
The  barren,  touched  in  this  holy  chase,  8 

Shake  off  their  sterile  curse. 

I  shall  remember: 
When  Caesar  says  'Do  this/  it  is  performed. 

Cces.  Set  on;  and  leave  no  ceremony  out.     [Music.] 

Sooth.  Caesar!  12 

Cces.  Ha!    Who  calls? 

77  pitch :  height,  as  of  a  hawk's  flight  6  in  ...  speed :  as  you  run 

9  sterile  curse :  affliction  of  barrenness          11   Set  on:  proceed,  advance 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  ii 


Casca.  Bid  every  noise  be  still :  peace  yet  again ! 

[Music  ceases.] 

CKS.  Who  is  it  in  the  press  that  calls  on  me  ? 
I  hear  a  tongue,  shriller  than  all  the  music,  16 

Cry  'Caesar/     Speak;  Caesar  is  turn'd  to  hear. 

Sooth.  Beware  the  ides  of  March. 

Cess.  What  man  is  that? 

Bru.  A   soothsayer   bids   you   beware   the   ides   of 
March. 

Goes.  Set  him  before  me;  let  me  see  his  face.        20 

Cas.  Fellow,    come    from   the    throng;    look    upon 
Caesar. 

Cces.  What   sayst  thou  to  me  now?      Speak   once 
again. 

Sooth.  Beware  the  ides  of  March. 

Cces.  He  is  a  dreamer;  let  us  leave  him:  pass.       24 
Sennet.    Exeunt  all  but  Brutus  and  Cassius. 

Cas.  Will  you  go  see  the  order  of  the  course? 

Bru.  Not  I. 

Cas.  I  pray  you,  do. 

Bru.   I  am  not  gamesome:  I  do  lack  some  part     28 
Of  that  quick  spirit  that  is  in  Antony. 
Let  me  not  hinder,  Cassius,  your  desires ; 
I'll  leave  you. 

Cas.  Brutus,  I  do  observe  you  now  of  late:  32 

I  have  not  from  your  eyes  that  gentleness 
And  show  of  love  as  I  was  wont  to  have: 
You  bear  too  stubborn  and  too  strange  a  hand 
Over  your  friend  that  loves  you. 

Bru.  Cassius,  36 

18  ides  of  March:  March  fifteenth 

24  S.  d.  Sennet:  trumpet  signal  for  procession  to  move 

25  order  of  the  course:  progress  of  the  running 

28  gamesome :  fond  of  sport  29  quick:  lively 

32  do  observe:  have  had  occasion  to  notice  33  that:  the  same 

35,  36  handle  your  friend  too  stiffly  and  distantly 


6  The  Tragedy  of 

Be  not  deceived:  if  I  have  veil'd  my  look, 

I  turn  the  trouble  of  my  countenance 

Merely  upon  myself.     Vexed  I  am 

Of  late  with  passions  of  some  difference,  40 

Conceptions  only  proper  to  myself, 

Which  give  some  soil  perhaps  to  my  behaviours ; 

But  let  not  therefore  my  good  friends  be  griev'd, — 

Among  which  number,  Cassius,  be  you  one, —         44 

Nor  construe  any  further  my  neglect, 

Than  that  poor  Brutus,  with  himself  at  war, 

Forgets  the  shows  of  love  to  other  men. 

Cas.  Then,    Brutus,    I    have    much    mistook    your 
passion;  48 

By  means  whereof  this  breast  of  mine  hath  buried 
Thoughts  of  great  value,  worthy  cogitations. 
Tell  me,  good  Brutus,  can  you  see  your  face? 

Bru.  No,  Cassius;  for  the  eye  sees  not  itself,       52 
But  by  reflection,  by  some  other  things. 

Cas.  'Tis  just: 

And  it  is  very  much  lamented,  Brutus, 
That  you  have  no  such  mirrors  as  will  turn  56 

Your  hidden  worthiness  into  your  eye, 
That  you  might  see  your  shadow.     I  have  heard 
Where  many  of  the  best  respect  in  Rome,— 
Except  immortal  Caesar, — speaking  of  Brutus,  60 

And  groaning  underneath  this  age's  yoke, 
Have  wish'd  that  noble  Brutus  had  his  eyes. 

Bru.  Into  what  dangers  would  you  lead  me,  Cassius, 
That  you  would  have  me  seek  into  myself  64 

For  that  which  is  not  in  me? 

Cas.  Therefore,  good  Brutus,  be  prepared  to  hear; 

37  Be  not  deceiv'd:  do  not  misjudge  me  39  Merely:  altogether 

40  of  ...  difference:  conflicting  41  proper:  belonging,  relating 

42  soil:  blemish  45  construe:  read  meaning  into 

49  By  .  .  .  whereof :  because  of  which  mistake  54  just:  true,  right 

59  respect:  standing  62  had  .  .  .  eyes:  had  his  eyes  about  him 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  ii 


Andy  since  you  know  you  cannot  see  yourself 

So  well  as  by  reflection,  I,  JEQIIT  g^Afigj  68 

Will  modestly  discover  to  yourself 

That  of  yourself  which  you  yet  know  not  of. 

And  be  not  jealous  on  me,  gentle  Brutus: 

Were  I  a  common  laugher,  or  did  use  72 

To  stale  with  ordinary  oaths  my  love 

To  every  new  protester;  if  you  know 

That  I  do  fawn  on  men  and  hug  them  hard, 

And  after  scandal  them;  or  if  you  know  76 

That  I  profess  myself  in  banqueting 

To  all  the  rout,  then  hold  me  dangerous. 

Flourish,  and  shout. 

Bru.  What  means  this  shouting?      I   do   fear  the 

people 
Choose  Caesar  for  their  king. 

Cas.  Ay,  do  you  fear  it?     80 

Then  must  I  think  you  would  not  have  it  so. 

Bru.  I  would  not,  Cassius ;  yet  I  love  him  well. 
But  wherefore  do  you  hold  me  here  so  long? 
What  is  it  that  you  would  impart  to  me?  84 

If  it  be  aught  toward  the  general  good, 
Set  honour  in  one  eye  and  death  i  the  other, 
And  I  will  look  on  both  indifferently; 
For  let  the  gods  so  speed  me  as  I  love.  88 

TThe  name  of  honour  more  than  IJfear-deatfr. 

Cas.  I  know  that  virtue  to  be  in  you,  Brutus, 
As  well  as  I  do  know  your  outward  favour. 
Well,  honour  is  the  subject  of  my  story.  92 

I  cannot  tell  what  you  and  other  men 

71  jealous  on:  suspicious  of 

73  stale :  make  cheap         ordinary :  customary 

74  protester:  loud-mouthed  pretender 

76  scandal:  defame  77  profess  myself :  make  protestations 

78  S.  d.  Flourish:  trumpet  call  87  indifferently:  impartially 

88  speed:  favor,  prosper  91  favour:  appearance 


8  The  Tragedy  of 

Think  of  this  life;  but,  for  my  single  self, 

I  had  as  lief  not  be  as  live  to  be 

In  awe  of  such  a  thing  as  I  myself.  96 

I  was  born  free  as  Caesar;  so  were  you: 

We  both  have  fed  as  well,  and  we  can  both 

Endure  the  winter's  cold  as  well  as  he: 

For  once,  upon  a  raw  and  gusty  day,  100 

The  troubled  Tiber  chafing  with  her  shores, 

Caesar  said  to  me,  'Dar'st  thou,  Cassius,  now 

Leap  in  with  me  into  this  angry  flood, 

And  swim  to  yonder  point  ?'    Upon  the  word,  104 

Accoutred  as  I  was,  I  plunged  in 

And  bade  him  follow;  so,  indeed  he  did. 

The  torrent  roar'd,  and  we  did  buffet  it 

With  lusty  sinews,  throwing  it  aside  108 

And  stemming  it  with  hearts  of  controversy; 

But  ere  we  could  arrive  the  point  proposed, 

Caesar  cried,  'Help  me,  Cassius,  or  I  sink!' 

I,  as  JEneas,  our  great  ancestor,  112 

Did  from  the  flames  of  Troy  upon  his  shoulder 

The  old  Anchises  bear,  so  from  the  waves  of  Tiber 

Did  I  the  tired  Caesar.     And  this  man 

Is  now  become  a  god,  and  Cassius  is  116 

A  wretched  creature  and  must  bend  his  body 

If  Caesar  carelessly  but  nod  on  him. 

He  had  a  fever  when  he  was  in  Spain, 

And  when  the  fit  was  on  him,  I  did  mark  120 

How  he  did  shake ;  'tis  true,  this  god  did  shake ; 

His  coward  lips  did  from  their  colour  fly, 

And  that  same  eye  whose  bend  doth  awe  the  world 

Did  lose  his  lustre ;  I  did  hear  him  groan ;  124 

101  with:  against 
105  Accoutred:  clad 

109  hearts  of  controversy:  contesting  courage 

122  his  lips  forsook  their  normal  redness  as  cowardly  soldiers  forsake 
their  flag  123  bend:  glance  124  his:  its 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  ii  9 

Ay,  and  that  tongue  of  his  that  bade  the  Romans 

Mark  him  and  write  his  speeches  in  their  books, 

Alas !  it  cried,  'Give  me  some  drink,  Titinius', 

As  a  sick  girl.     Ye  gods,  it  doth  amaze  me,  128 

A  man  of  such  a  feeble  temper  should 

So  get  the  start  of  the  majestic  world, 

And  bear  the  palm  alone.  Shout.     Flourish. 

Bru.  Another  general  shout ! 

I  do  believe  that  these  applauses  are  132 

For  some  new  honours  that  are  heap'd  on  Caesar. 

Cas.  Why,  man,  he  doth  bestride  the  narrow  world 
Like  a  Colossus;  and  we  petty  men 
Walk  under  his  huge  legs,  and  peep  about  136 

To  find  ourselves  dishonourable  graves. 
Men  at  some  time  are  masters  of  their  fates: 
The,  fault,  dear-Brutuyi&Jiat-m  our  starfi^^ 
But  in  ourselves,  that  we  are  underlings.  140 

Brutus  and  Caesar:  what  should  be  in  that  'Caesar'? 
Why  should  that  name  be  sounded  more  than  yours? 
Write  them  together,  yours  is  a'S  fair  a  name ; 
Sound  them,  it  doth  become  the  mouth  as  well;       144 
Weigh  them,  it  is  as  heavy;  conjure  with  'em, 
'Brutus'  will  start  a  spirit  aft  soon  as  'Caesar'. 
Now,  in  the  names  of  all  the  gods  at  once, 
Upon  what  meat  doth  this,  our  Caesar  feed,  148 

That  he  is  grown  so  great  ?    Age,  thou  art  sham'd ! 
Rome,  thou  hast  lost  the  breed  of  noble  bloods ! 
When  went  there  by  an  age,  since  the  great  flood, 
But  it  was  f am'd  with  more  than  with  one  man  ?       152 
When  could  they  say,  till  now,  that  talk'd  of  Rome, 

129  temper:  constitution 

130  get  the  start  of:  outstrip  (in  the  race  of  life) 

135  Colossus:    gigantic   stcd;ue    astride   the   mouth    of   the    harbor   of 
Rhodes 

150  lost  .  .  .  bloods:  lost  the  art  of  breeding  noble  persons 

151  the  great  flood:  Deucalion's,  not  Noah's 

152  f  am  d  with:  famous  for 


10  The  Tragedy  of 

That  her  wide  walks  encompass'd  but  one  man? 

Now  is  it  Rome  indeed  and  room  enough, 

When  there  is  in  it  but  one  only  man.  156 

O,  you  and  I  have  heard  our  fathers  say, 

There  was  a  Brutus  once  that  would  have  brook'd 

Th'  eternal  devil  to  keep  his  state  in  Rome 

As  easily  as  a  king.  160 

Bru.  That  you  do  love  me,  I  am  nothing  jealous; 
What  you  would  work  me  to,  I  have  some  aim: 
How  I  have  thought  of  this  and  of  these  times, 
I  shall  recount  hereafter;  for  this  present,  164 

I  would  not,  so  with  love  I  might  entreat  you, 
Be  any  further  mov'd.     What  you  have  said 
I  will  consider;  what  you  have  to  say 
I  will  with  patience  hear,  and  find  a  time  168 

Both  meet  to  hear  and  answer  such  high  things. 
Till  then,  my  noble  friend,  chew  upon  this : 
Brutus  had  rather  be  a  villager 

Than  to  repute  himself  a  son  of  Rome  172 

Under  these  hard  conditions  as  this  time 
Is  like  to  lay  upon  us. 

Cas.  I  am  glad 

That  my  weak  words  have  struck  but  thus  much  show 
Of  fire  from  Brutus.  176 

Bru.  The  games  are  done  and  Caesar  is  returning. 

Cas.  As  they  pass  by,  pluck  Casca  by  the  sleeve, 
And  he  will,  after  his  sour  fashion,  tell  you 
What  hath  proceeded  worthy  note  to-day.  ISO 

Enter  Ccesar  and  his  Train. 

154  walks;  cf.  n.  155  Rome:  then  often  pronounced  'Room' 

158  Brutus:  Lucius  Junius,  who  expelled  the  Tar  quins,  ca.  510  B.  C. 

brook'd:  tolerated  159  state:  throne,  rulership 

161  nothing:  not  at  all        jealous:  doubtful 

162  work:  induce          aim:  inkling 

165  so:  *'/;  cf.  n.  166  mov'd:  persuaded,  urged 

169  meet:  fit  170  chew:  ponder  173  as:  such  as 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  ii 


Bru.  I  will  do  so.     But,  look  you,  Cassius, 
The  angry  spot  doth  glow  on  Caesar's  brow, 
And  all  the  rest  look  like  a  chidden  train: 
Calpurnia's  cheek  is  pale,  and  Cicero  184 

Looks  with  such  ferret  and  such  fiery  eyes 
As  we  have  seen  him  in  the  Capitol, 
Being  cross'd  in  conference  by  some  senators. 

Cas.  Casca  will  tell  us  what  the  matter  is.  188 

Cces.  Antonius  ! 
.  Caesar. 

Cces.  Let  me  have  men  about  me  that  are  fat; 
Sleek-headed  men  and  such  as  sleep  o'  nights.       192 
Yond  Cassius  has  a  lean  and  hungry  look; 
He  thinks  too  much:  such  men  are  dangerous. 
**Ant.  Fear  him  not,  Caesar,  he's  not  dangerous; 
He  is  a  noble  Roman,  and  well  given.  196 

Cces.  Would  he  were  fatter!  but  I  fear  him  not: 
Yet  if  my  name  were  liable  to  fear, 
I  do  not  know  the  man  I  should  avoid 
So  soon  as  that  spare  Cassius.     He  reads  much;      200 
He  is  a  great  observer,  and  he  looks 
Quite  through  the  deeds  of  men;  he  loves  no  plays, 
As  thou  dost,  Antony  ;  he  hears  no  music  ; 
Seldom  he  smiles,  and  smiles  in  such  a  sort  204 

As  if  he  mock'd  himself,  and  scorn'd  his  spirit 
That  could  be  mov'd  to  smile  at  anything. 
Such  men  as  he  be  never  at  heart's  ease 
Whiles  they  behold  a  greater  than  themselves,          208 
And  therefore  are  they  very  dangerous. 
I  rather  tell  thee  what  is  to  be  fear'd 
Than  what  I  fear,  for  always  I  am  Caesar. 


185  ferret:  ferret-like,  i.e.,  smallancTrztl "~ 

187  conference:  debate 

192  Sleek-headed:  unruffled  by  deep  plotting 

196  well  given:  well  disposed  198  my  name;  cf.  n. 

203  he  ...  music;  cf.  n.  208  Whiles:  whilst,  while 


12  The  Tragedy  of 

Come  on  my  right  hand,  for  this  ear  is  deaf,  212 

And  tell  me  truly  what  thou  think'st  of  him. 

Sennet.    Exeunt  Ccesar  and  his  Train  [except 

Casca']. 
Casca.  You   pull'd   me   by   the   cloak;   would  you 

speak  with  me? 

Bru.  Ay,  Casca;  tell  us  what  hath  chanc'd  to-day, 
That  Caesar  looks  so  sad.  216 

Casca.  Why,  you  were  with  him,  were  you  not? 
Bru.  I  should  not  then  ask  Casca  what  had  chanc'd. 

Casca.  Why,  there  was  a  crown  offered  him; 
and,  being  offered  him,  he  put  it  by  with  the  220 
back  of  his  hand,  thus ;  and  then  the  people  fell 
a-shouting. 

Bru.  What  was  the  second  noise  for? 
Casca.  Why,  for  that  too.     224 

Cas.  They  shouted  thrice:  what  was  the  last  cry 

for? 

Casca.  Why,  for  that  too. 

Bru.  Was  the  crown  offered  him  thrice?  227 

Casca.  Ay,  marry,  was  't,  and  he  put  it  by 
thrice,  every  time  gentler  than  other ;  and  at  every 
putting-by  mine  honest  neighbours  shouted. 
Cas.  Who  offered  him  the  crown? 
Casca.  Why,  Antony.     232 

Bru.  Tell  us  the  manner  of  it,  gentle  Casca. 

Casca.  I  can  as  well  be  hanged  as  tell  the 
manner  of  it:  it  was  mere  foolery;  I  did  not 
mark  it.  I  saw  Mark  Antony  offer  him  a  crown; 
yet  'twas  not  a  crown  neither,  'twas  one  of  these 
coronets ;  and,  as  I  told  you,  he  put  it  by  once ;  238 
but,  for  all  that,  to  my  thinking,  he  would  fain 

216  sad:  grave,  serious 

228  marry:  properly  an  invocation  of  the  Virgin 

238  coronets:  laurel  garland  of  a  Lupercal  runner 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  ii  13 

have  had  it.  Then  he  offered  it  to  him  again; 
then  he  put  it  by  again;  but,  to  my  thinking,  he 
was  very  loath  to  lay  his  fingers  off  it.  And  then 
he  offered  it  the  third  time;  he  put  it  the  third 
time  by ;  and  still  as  he  refused  it  the  rabblement 
shouted  and  clapped  their  chopped  hands,  and  245 
threw  up  their  sweaty  night-caps,  and  uttered 
such  a  deal  of  stinking  breath  because  Caesar 
refused  the  crown,  that  it  had  almost  choked 
Caesar;  for  he  swounded  and  fell  down  at  it:  and 
for  mine  own  part,  I  durst  not  laugh,  for  fear  of 
opening  my  lips  and  receiving  the  bad  air. 
Cas.  But  soft,  I  pray  you:  what!  did  Caesar 

swound  ?  252 

Casca.  He  fell  down  in  the  market-place,  and 
foamed  at  mouth,  and  was  speechless. 
Bru.  'Tis  very  like:  he  hath  the  falling-sickness.' 
Cas.  No,  Caesar  hath  it  not;  but  you,  and  I, 
And  honest  Casca,  we  have  the  falling-sickness. 

Casca.  I  know  not  what  you  mean  by  that;  258 
but  I  am  sure  Caesar  fell  down.  If  the  tag-rag 
people  did  not  clap  him  and  hiss  him,  according 
as  he  pleased  and  displeased  them,  as  they  use 
to  do  the  players  in  the  theatre,  I  am  no  true 
man.  263 

Bru.  What  said  he,  when  he  came  unto  himself? 

Casca.  Marry,  before  he  fell  down,  when  he 
perceiv'd  the  common  herd  was  glad  he  refused 
the  crown,  he  plucked  me  ope  his  doublet  and 
offered  them  his  throat  to  cut.  An  I  had  been  a  268 

244  still:  always,  ever  245  chopped:  chapped,  callous 

249  swounded:  fainted  252  soft:  stop,  wait 

255  like:  likely         falling-sickness:  epilepsy 

259  tag-rag:  beggarly,  common  262  true:  honest 

267  me:  expletive  'dative  of  interest'          ope:  open          doublet:  Eliza- 
bethan jacket  268  An:  if 


The  Tragedy  of 


man  of  any  occupation,  if  I  would  not  have  taken 
him  at  a  word,  I  would  I  might  go  to  hell  among 
the  rogues.  And  so  he  fell.  When  he  came  to 
himself  again,  he  said,  if  he  had  done  or  said 
anything  amiss,  he  desired  their  worships  to  273 
think  it  was  his  infirmity.  Three  or  four 
wenches,  where  I  stood,  cried,  'Alas,  good  soul!' 
and  forgave  him  with  all  their  hearts:  but 
there's  no  heed  to  be  taken  of  them;  if  Caesar 
had  stabbed  their  mothers,  they  would  have 
done  no  less.  279 

Bru.  And  after  that  he  came,  thus  sad,  away? 

Casca.  Ay. 
Cas.  Did  Cicero  say  anything? 

Casca.  Ay,  he  spoke  Greek. 
Cas.  To  what  effect?  284 

Casca.  Nay,  an  I  tell  you  that,  I'll  ne'er  look 
you  i'  the  face  again;  but  those  that  understood 
him  smiled  at  one  another  and  shook  their 
heads;  but,  for  mine  own  part,  it  was  Greek  to 
me.  I  could  tell  you  more  news  too;  Marullus 
and  Flavius,  for  pulling  scarfs  off  Caesar's  images, 
are  put  to  silence.  Fare  you  well.  There  was 
more  foolery  yet,  if  I  could  remember  it.  292 

Cas.  Will  you  sup  with  me  to-night,  Casca? 

Casca.  No,  I  am  promised  forth. 
Cas.  Will  you  dine  with  me  to-morrow  ? 

Casca.  Ay,  if  I  be  alive,  and  your  mind  hold, 
and  your  dinner  worth  the  eating.  297 

Cas.  Good;  I  will  expect  you. 

Casca.  Do  so.     Farewell,  both.  Exit. 

269  occupation  '..artisan's  calling 

291  put  to  silence:  dismissed,  not  killed 

294  /  have  a  previous  engagement  (to  dine  out) 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  ii 


Bru.  What  a  blunt  fellow  is  this  grown  to  be  !        300 
He  was  quick  mettle  when  he  went  to  school. 

Cas.  So  is  he  now  in  execution 
Of  any  bold  or  noble  enterprise, 

However  he  puts  on  this  tardy  form.  304 

This  rudeness  is  a  sauce  to  his  good  wit, 
Which  gives  men  stomach  to  digest  his  words 
With  better  appetite. 

Bru.  And   so   it   is.      For   this   time   I    will   leave 
you  :  308 

To-morrow,  if  you  please  to  speak  with  me, 
I  will  come  home  to  you;  or,  if  you  will, 
Come  home  to  me,  and  I  will  wait  for  you. 

Cas.  I  will  do  so:  till  then,  think  of  the  world.     312 

Exit  Brutus. 

Well,  Brutus,  thou  art  noble;  yet,  I  see, 
Thy  honourable  metal  may  be  wrought 
From  that  it  is  disposed:  therefore  'tis  meet 
That  noble  minds  keep  ever  with  their  likes  ; 
For  who  so  firm  that  cannot  be  seduc'd? 
Caesar  doth  bear  me  hard;  but  he  loves  Brutus 
If  I  were  Brutus  now  and  he  were  Cassius, 
He  should  not  humour  me.    I  will  this  night, 
In  several  hands,  in  at  his  windows  throw, 
As  if  they  came  from  several  citizens, 
Writings  all  tending  to  the  great  opinion 
That  Rome  holds  of  his  name  ;  wherein  obscurely     324 
Caesar's  ambition  shall  be  glanced  at: 
And  after  this  2et_£aesar  seat  him  sure  ; 
For  we  will  shake  him,  or  worse  days  endure.        Exit. 

301  quick  mettle  :  high-spirited 

304  However:  notwithstanding  that          tardy  form:  sluggish  manner 

312  the  world:  public  affairs  315  that:  that  to  which 

318  bear  me  hard:  dislike  me  320  He  ...  me;  cf.  n. 

321  several  hands:  different  handwritings 

327  or  ...  endure:  or  suffer  disastrous  consequences  of  our  attempt 


The  Tragedy  of 


Scene  Three 
[A  Street] 

Thunder  and  lightning.    Enter  [from  opposite  sides'] 
Casca  [with  his  sword  drawn]  and  Cicero. 

Cic.  Good  even,  Casca:  brought  you  Caesar  home? 
Why  are  you  breathless?  and  why  stare  you  so? 

Casca.  Are  not  you  mov'd,  when  all  the  sway  of 

earth 

Shakes  like  a  thing  unfirm  ?     O  Cicero  !  4 

I  have  seen  tempests,  when  the  scolding  winds 
Have  riv'd  the  knotty  oaks  ;  and  I  have  seen 
The  ambitious  ocean  swell  and  rage  and  foam, 
To  be  exalted  with  the  threatening  clouds:  8 

But  never  till  to-night,  never  till  now, 
Did  I  go  through  a  tempest  dropping  fire. 
Either  there  is  a  civil  strife  in  heaven, 
Or  else  the  world,  too  saucy  with  the  gods,  12 

Incenses  them  to  send  destruction. 

Cic.  Why,  saw  you  anything  more  wonderful? 

Casca.  A  common  slave  —  you  know  him  well  by 

sight  — 

Held  up  his  left  hand,  which  did  flame  and  burn        16 
Like  twenty  torches  join'd;  and  yet  his  hand, 
Not  sensible  of  fire,  remained  unscorch'd. 
Besides,  —  I  have  not  since  put  up  my  sword,  — 
Against  the  Capitol  I  met  a  lion,  20 

Who  glar'd  upon  me,  and  went  surly  by, 
Without  annoying  me  ;  and  there  were  drawn 
Upon  a  heap  a  hundred  ghastly  women, 
Transformed  with  their  fear,  who  swore  they  saw     24 

1  brought:  escorted  3  sway:  settled  order 

14  more:  else  (or,  extraordinarily) 

18  sensible  of:  vulnerable  by,  sensitive  to 

22,  23  drawn  .  .  .  heap:  crowded  together  in  a  body 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  Hi  17 

Men  all  in  fire  walk  up  and  down  the  streets. 

And  yesterday  the  bird  of  night  did  sit, 

Even  at  noon-day,  upon  the  market-place, 

Hooting  and  shrieking.     When  these  prodigies  28 

Do  so  conjointly  meet,  let  not  men  say, 

'These  are  their  reasons,  they  are  natural*; 

For,  I  believe,  they  are  portentous  things 

Unto  the  climate  that  they  point  upon.  32 

Cic.  Indeed,  it  is  a  strange-disposed  time: 
But  men  may  construe  things  after  their  fashion, 
Clean  from  the  purpose  of  the  things  themselves. 
Comes  Caesar  to  the  Capitol  to-morrow  ?  36 

Casca.  He  doth ;  for  he  did  bid  Antonius 
Send  word  to  you  he  would  be  there  to-morrow. 

Cic.  Good-night  then,  Casca:  this  disturbed  sky 
Is  not  to  walk  in. 

Casca.  Farewell,  Cicero.  40 

Exit   Cicero. 
Enter  Cassius. 

Cas.  Who's  there? 

Casca.  A  Roman. 

Cas.  Casca,  by  your  voice. 

Casca.  Your  ear  is  good.     Cassius,  what  night  is 
this! 

Cas.  A  very  pleasing  night  to  honest  men. 

Casca.  Who  ever  knew  the  heavens  menace  so?     44 

Cas.  Those  that  have  known  the  earth  so  full  of 

faults. 

For  my  part,  I  have  walk'd  about  the  streets, 
Submitting  me  unto  the  perilous  night, 

26  bird  of  night:  owl 

32  climate:  clime,  region         point  upon:  apply  to 

33  strange-disposed:  of  strange  character 

34  after  .  .  .  fashion:  according  to  men's  own  human  predilection 

35  Clean  .  .  .  purpose :  quite  apart  from  the  true  meaning 

39  sky:  air,  state  of  weather  42  what  night:  what  a  night 


The  Tragedy  of 


And,  thus  unbraced,  Casca,  as  you  see,  48 

Have  bar'd  my  bosom  to  the  thunder-stone; 

And,  when  the  cross  blue  lightning  seem'd  to  open 

The  breast  of  heaven,  I  did  present  myself 

Even  in  the  aim  and  very  flash  of  it.  52 

Casca.  But  wherefore  did  you  so  much  tempt  the 

heavens  ? 

It  is  the  part  of  men  to  fear  and  tremble 
When  the  most  mighty  gods  by  tokens  send 
Such  dreadful  heralds  to  astonish  us.  56 

Cas.  You  are  dull,  Casca,  and  those  sparks  of  life 
That  should  be  in  a  Roman  you  do  want, 
Or  else  you  use  not.     You  look  pale,  and  gaze, 
And  put  on  fear,  and  cast  yourself  in  wonder,       60 
To  see  the  strange  impatience  of  the  heavens; 
But  if  you  would  consider  the  true  cause 
Why  all  these  fires,  why  all  these  gliding  ghosts, 
Why  birds  and  beasts,  from  quality  and  kind,  64 

Why  old  men,  fools,  and  children  calculate, 
Why  all  these  things  change  from  their  ordinance, 
Their  natures,  and  pre-formed  faculties, 
To  monstrous  quality,  —  why,  you  shall  find  68 

That  heaven  hath  infus'd  them  with  these  spirits 
To  make  them  instruments  of  fear  and  warning 
Unto  some  monstrous  state. 

Now  could  I,  Casca,  name  to  thee  a  man  72 

Most  like  this  dreadful  night, 
That  thunders,  lightens,  opens  graves,  and  roars 
As  doth  the  lion  in  the  Capitol, 
A  man  no  mightier  than  thyself  or  me  76 

48  unbraced:  with  doublet  open 

49  thunder-stone  :  supposedly  cast  from  the  sky  by  thunder 

60  put  on:  exhibit  the  signs  of          cast  ...  in:  give  way  to;  cf.  n. 

63  Why:  i.e.,  why  we  have  (or,  .  .  .  are  acting  so) 

64  from  .  .  .  kind:  far  from  their  proper  character  and  nature 

65  calculate:  prop  hesy;  cf.  n.  66  ordinance:  ordinary  conduct 
71  monstrous  state:  unnatural  state  of  affairs 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  in  19 

In  personal  action,  yet  prodigious  grown 
And  fearful  as  these  strange  eruptions  are. 

Casca.  'Tis  Caesar  that  you  mean;  is  it  not,  Cas- 
sius  ? 

Cas.  Let  it  be  who  it  is:  for  Romans  now  80 

Have  thews  and  limbs  like  to  their  ancestors; 
But,  woe  the  while !  our  fathers'  minds  are  dead, 
And  we  are  governed  with  our  mothers'  spirits; 
Our  yoke  and  sufferance  show  us  womanish.  84 

Casca.  Indeed,  they  say  the  senators  to-morrow 
Mean  to  establish  Caesar  as  a  king; 
And  he  shall  wear  his  crown  by  sea  and  land, 
In  every  place,  save  here  in  Italy.  88 

Cas.  I  know  where  I  will  wear  this  dagger  then ; 
Cassius  from  bondage  will  deliver  Cassius: 
Therein,  ye  gods,  you  make  the  weak  most  strong; 
Therein,  ye  gods,  you  tyrants  do  defeat:  92 

Nor  stony  tower,  nor  walls  of  beaten  brass, 
Nor  airless  dungeon,  nor  strong  links  of  iron, 
Can  be  retentive  to  the  strength  of  spirit: 
But  life,  being  weary  of  these  worldly  bars,  96 

Never  lacks  power  to  dismiss  itself. 
If  I  know  this,  know  all  the  world  besides, 
That  part  of  tyranny  that  I  do  bear 
I  can  shake  off  at  pleasure.  Thunder  still. 

Casca.  So  can  I:  100 

So  every  bondman  in  his  own  hand  bears 
The  power  to  cancel  his  captivity. 

Cas.  And  why  should  Caesar  be  a  tyrant  then? 
Poor  man!     I  know  he  would  not  be  a  wolf  104 

But  that  he  sees  the  Romans  are  but  sheep; 

78  fearful:  inspiring  fear         eruptions:  freaks  of  nature 

82  woe  the  while :  alas  for  the  times 

84  yoke  and  sufferance :  patience  under  the  yoke 


20  The  Tragedy  of 

He  were  no  lion,  were  not  Romans  hinds. 

Those  that  with  haste  will  make  a  mighty  fire 

Begin  it  with  weak  straws ;  what  trash  is  Rome,       108 

What  rubbish,  and  what  offal,  when  it  serves 

For  the  base  matter  to  illuminate 

So  vile  a  thing  as  Caesar !    But,  O  grief, 

Where  hast  thou  led  me  ?    I,  perhaps,  speak  this     112 

Before  a  willing  bondman;  then  I  know 

My  answer  must  be  made:  but  I  am  arm'd, 

And  dangers  are  to  me  indifferent. 

Casca.  You  speak  to  Casca,  and  to  such  a  man     116 
That  is  no  fleering  tell-tale.     Hold,  my  hand: 
Be  factious  for  redress  of  all  these  griefs, 
And  I  will  set  this  foot  of  mine  as  far 
As  who  goes  furthest. 

Cas.  There's  a  bargain  made.     120 

Now  know  you,  Casca,  I  have  mov'd  already 
Some  certain  of  the  noblest-minded  Romans 
To  undergo  with  me  an  enterprise 
Of  honourable-dangerous  consequence;  124 

And  I  do  know  by  this  they  stay  for  me 
In  Pompey's  porch:  for  now,  this  fearful  night, 
There  is  no  stir,  or  walking  in  the  streets; 
And  the  complexion  of  the  element  128 

In  favour's  like  the  work  we  have  in  hand, 
Most  bloody,  fiery,  and  most  terrible. 

Casea.  Stand  close  awhile,  for  here  comes  one  in 
haste. 

106  hinds:  female  of  red  deer;  also,  servants,  rustics 

107-111  Cf.  n. 

114  My  .  .  .  made:  I  shall  have  to  answer  for  my  words 

117  That:  as          fleering:  mocking  Hold,  my  hand :  here,  take  this 
handclasp  as  pledge 

118  factious:  active         griefs:  grievances 

123  undergo:  undertake  125  by  this:  by  this  time 

126  Pompey's  porch;  cf.  n. 

128  complexion  .  .  .  element:  visible  condition  of  the  sky 

131  Stand  close:  avoid  notice 


Julius  Ccesar,  I.  Hi  21 

Cas.  'Tis  China;  I  do  know  him  by  his  gait: 
He  is  a  friend. 

Enter  Cinna. 

Cinna,  where  haste  you  so?  133 

Cm.  To    find    out    you.      Who's    that?      Metellus 
Cimber? 

Cas.  No,  it  is  Casca;  one  incorporate 
To  our  attempts.     Am  I  not  stay'd  for,  Cinna? 

Cin.  I   am   glad   on 't.      What   a    fearful   night   is 
this !  137 

There's  two  or  three  of  us  have  seen  strange  sights. 

Cas.  Am  I  not  stay'd  for?    Tell  me. 

Cm.  Yes,  you  are. 

O  Cassius,  if  you  could  140 

But  win  the  noble  Brutus  to  our  party — 

Cas.  Be  you  content.    Good  Cinna,  take  this  paper, 
And  look  you  lay  it  in  the  praetor's  chair, 
Where  Brutus  may  but  find  it;  and  throw  this       144 
In  at  his  window;  set  this  up  with  wax 
Upon  old  Brutus'  statue:  all  this  done, 
Repair  to  Pompey's  porch,  where  you  shall  find  us. 
Is  Decius  Brutus  and  Trebonius  there?  148 

Cm.  All  but  Metellus  Cimber ;  and  he's  gone 
To  seek  you  at  your  house.    Well,  I  will  hie, 
And  so  bestow  these  papers  as  you  bade  me. 

Cas.  That  done,  repair  to  Pompey's  theatre.       152 

Exit  Cinna. 

Come,  Casca,  you  arid  I  will  yet  ere  day 
See  Brutus  at  his  house:  three  parts  of  him 
Is  ours  already,  and  the  man  entire 
Upon  the  next  encounter  yields  him  ours.  156 

Casca.  O,  he  sits  high  in  all  the  people's  hearts:    fc 

135  incorporate:  joined,  affiliated 

143  praetor's  chair:  official  seat  of  judge  in  Roman  tribunal 

150  hie:  hasten  away 


22  The  Tragedy  of 

And  that  which  would  appear  offence  in  us, 
His  countenance,  like  richest  alchemy, 
Will  change  to  virtue  and  to  worthiness.  160 

Cas.  Him  and  his  worth  and  our  great  need  of  him 
You  have  right  well  conceited.     Let  us  go, 
For  it  is  after  midnight;  and  ere  day 
We  will  awake  him  and  be  sure  of  him.  164 

Exeunt. 

ACT  SECOND 

Scene  One 
Enter  Brutus  in  his  Orchard. 

Bru.  What,  Lucius  !  ho ! 
I  cannot,  by  the  progress  of  the  stars, 
Give  guess  how  near  to  day.     Lucius,  I  say ! 
I  would  it  were  my  fault  to  sleep  so  soundly.  4 

When,  Lucius,  when  ?     Awake,  I  say !  what,  Lucius ! 

Enter  Lucius. 

Luc.  CalFd  you,  my  lord? 
Bru.  Get  me  a  taper  in  my  study,  Lucius : 
When  it  is  lighted,  come  and  call  me  here.  8 

Luc.  I  will,  my  lord.  Exit. 

Bru.  It  must  be  by  his  death:  and,  for  my  part, 

I  know  no  personal  cause  to  spurn  at  him, 

But  for  the  general.     He  would  be  crown'd:  12 

How  that  might  change  his  nature,  there's  the  ques- 
tion: 
It  is  the  bright  day  that  brings  forth  the  adder; 

159  countenance :  patronage,  support  alchemy:  pseudo-science  of 

transmuting  metals  162  conceited:  expressed  figuratively 

Scene  One  S.  d.  Orchard;  garden 
5  When:  exclamation  of  impatience 

II  spurn  at:  oppose  vindictively 

12  general:  people's  sake,  public  welfare 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  i  23 

And  that  craves  wary  walking.     Crown  him  that, 

Andjbien,  I  grant,  we  put  a  sting  in  him  16 

That  at  his  will  he  may  do  danger  with. 

The  abuse  of  greatness  is  when  it  disjoins 

Remorse  from  power ;  and,  to  speak  truth  of  Caesar,     \ 

I  have  not  known  when  his  affections  sway'd  20 

More  than  his  reason.     But  'tis  a  common  proof, 

That  lowliness  is  young  ambition's  ladder, 

Whereto  the  climber-upward  turns  his  face; 

But  when  he  once  attains  the  upmost  round,  24 

He  then  unto  the  ladder  turns  his  back, 

Looks  in  the  clouds,  scorning  the  base  degrees 

By  which  he  did  ascend.     So  Caesar  may: 

Then,  lest  he  may,  prevent.   And,  since  the  quarrel     28 

Will  bear  no  colour  for  the  thing  he  is, 

Fashion  it  thus ;  that  what  he  is,  augmented, 

Would  run  to  these  and  these  extremities ; 

And  therefore  think  him  as  a  serpent's  egg  32 

Which  hatch'd,  would,  as  his  kind,  grow  mischievous, 

And  kill  him  in  the  shell. 

Enter  Lucius. 

Luc.  The  taper  burneth  in  your  closet,  sir. 
Searching  the  window  for  a  flint,  I  found  36 

This  paper,  thus  seal'd  up ;  and  I  am  sure 
It  did  not  lie  there  when  I  went  to  bed. 

Bru.  Get  you  to  bed  again ;  it  is  not  day. 
Is  not  to-morrow,  boy,  the  ides  of  March?  40 

Luc.  I  know  not,  sir. 

Bru.  Look  in  the  calendar,  and  bring  me  word. 

15  Crown  him  that;  cf.  n.  19  Remorse:  mercy,  conscience 

20  affections:  passions  21  proof :  proved  experience 

26  degrees:  steps,  rungs 

28  prevent:  be  beforehand          quarrel:  attack  on  him,  accusation 

29  colour:  justification  30  Fashion:  put,  formulate 
31  these  and  these:  such  and  such 

33  as  his  kind:  as  is  the  nature  of  his  species  35  closet:  study 


24  The  Tragedy  of 

Luc.  I  will;  sir.  Exit. 

Bru.  The  exhalations  whizzing  in  the  air  44 

Give  so  much  light  that  I  may  read  by  them. 

Opens  the  letter,  and  reads. 
'Brutus,  thou  sleep'st:  awake,  and  see  thyself. 
Shall  Rome,  &c.     Speak,  strike,  redress ! 
Brutus,  thou  sleep'st:  awake!'  48 

Such  instigations  have  been  often  dropped 
Where  I  have  took  them  up. 
'Shall  Rome,  &c.'    Thus  must  I  piece  it  out: 
Shall    Rome    stand   under    one    man's    awe?      What, 
Rome  ?  52 

My  ancestors  did  from  the  streets  of  Rome 
The  Tarquin  drive,  when  he  was  calFd  a  king. 
'Speak,  strike,  redress !'     Am  I  entreated 
To    speak,    and    strike?      O    Rome,    I    make    thee 
promise :  56 

If  the  redress  will  follow,  thou  receivest 
Thy  full  petition  at  the  hand  of  Brutus ! 

Enter  Lucius. 

Luc.  Sir,  March  is  wasted  fourteen  days.  59 

Knocking  within. 

Bru.  'Tis  good.     Go  to  the  gate:  somebody  knocks. 

[Exit  Lucius.'] 

Since  Cassius  first  did  whet  me  against  Caesar, 
I  have  not  slept. 

Between  the  acting  of  a  dreadful  thing 
And  the  first  motion,  all  the  interim  is  64 

Like  a  phantasma,  or  a  hideous  dream: 
The  genius  and  the  mortal  instruments 

44  exhalations:  meteors 

58  Thy  full  petition:  full  measure  of  what  thou  askest 

59  fourteen;  cf.  n.         61,62  Cf.n.        64  motion:  instigation,  inception 

65  phantasma:  vision,  phantasmagoria 

66  genius:  the  guardian  spirit,  within  man  mortal  instruments:  hu- 
man faculties 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  i  25 

Are  then  in  council ;  and  the  state  of  man, 

Like  to  a  little  kingdom,  suffers  then  68 

The  nature  of  an  insurrection. 

Enter  Lucius. 

Luc.  Sir,  'tis  your  brother  Cassius  at  the  door, 
Who  doth  desire  to  see  you. 

Bru.  Is  he  alone? 

Luc.  No,  sir,  there  are  moe  with  him. 

Bru.  Do  you  know  them?     72 

Luc.  No,   sir;  their   hats   are  pluck'd  about  their 

ears, 

And  half  their  faces  buried  in  their  cloaks, 
That  by  no  means  I  may  discover  them 
By  any  mark  of  favour. 

Bru.  Let  'em  enter.  76 

[Exit  Lucius.] 

They  are  the  faction.     O  conspiracy, 
Sham'st  thou  to  show  thy  dangerous  brow  by  night, 
When  evils  are  most  free?     O  then  by  day 
Where  wilt  thou  find  a  cavern  dark  enough  80 

To   mask   thy   monstrous   visage?      Seek   none,   con- 
spiracy ; 

Hide  it  in  smiles  and  affability: 
For  if  thou  path,  thy  native  semblance  on, 
Not  Erebus  itself  were  dim  enough  84 

To  hide  thee  from  prevention. 

Enter    the     Conspirators,     Cassius,     Casca,    Deems, 
Cinna,  Metellus,  and  Trebonius. 

70  brother :  he  had  married  Brutus'  sister,  Junia 

72  moe:  more,  others 

76  mark  of  favour:  trait  of  countenance 

77  faction:  band  of  conspirators 

83  path:  walk,  proceed         native:  natural         on:  being  on 

84  Erebus:    gloomy    region    leading    to    Hades    (the    name    signifies 
'darkness')  85  prevention :  being  forestalled 


26 The  Tragedy  of 

Cas.  I  think  we  are  too  bold  upon  your  rest: 
Good  morrow,  Brutus;  do  we  trouble  you? 

Bru.  I  have  been  up  this  hour,  awake  all  night.     88 
Know  I  these  men  that  come  along  with  you? 

Cas.  Yes,  every  man  of  them;  and  no  man  here 
But  honours  you;  and  every  one  doth  wish 
You  had  but  that  opinion  of  yourself  92 

Which  every  noble  Roman  bears  of  you. 
This  is  Trebonius. 

Bru.  He  is  welcome  hither. 

Cas.  This,  Decius  Brutus. 

Bru.  He  is  welcome  too. 

Cas.  This,  Casca;  this,  Cinna;  96 

And  this,  Metellus  Cimber. 

Bru.  They  are  all  welcome. 

What  watchful  cares  do  interpose  themselves 
Betwixt  your  eyes  and  night? 

Cas.  Shall  I  entreat  a  word?  100 

[Brutus  and  Cassius]  whisper. 

Dec.  Here  lies  the  east:  doth  not  the  day  break 
here? 

Casca.  No. 

Cm.  O  pardon,  sir,  it  doth;  and  yon  grey  lines 
That  fret  the  clouds  are  messengers  of  day.  104 

Casca.  You     shall     confess     that     you     are     both 

deceived. 

Here,  as  I  point  my  sword,  the  sun  arises; 
Which  is  a  great  way  growing  on  the  south, 
Weighing  the  youthful  season  of  the  year.  108 

Some  two  months  hence  up  higher  toward  the  north 
He  first  presents  his  fire;  and  the  high  east 
Stands,  as  the  Capitol,  directly  here. 

86  bold:  i.e.,  in  intruding  90  and  no:  and  there  is  no 

104  fret:  chequer  106  as:  where 

107  growing  on:  tending  toward  108  Weighing:  on  account  of 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  i  27 

Bru.  Give  me  your  hands  all  over,  one  by  one.     112 
Cas.  And  let  us  swear  our  resolution. 
Bru.  No,  not  an  oath:  if  not  the  face  of  men, 
The  sufferance  of  our  souls,  the  time's  abuse, — 
If  these  be  motives  weak,  break  off  betimes,  116 

And  every  man  hence  to  his  idle  bed; 
So  let  high-sighted  tyranny  range  on, 
Till  each  man  drop  by  lottery.    But  if  these, 
As  I  am  sure  they  do,  bear  fire  enough 
To  kindle  cowards  and  to  steel  with  valour 
The  melting  spirits  of  women,  then,  countrymen, 
What  need  we  any  spur  but  our  own  cause 
To  prick  us  to  redress?  what  other  bond 
Than  secret  Romans,  that  have  spoke  the  wo 
And  will  not  palter?  and  what  other  oath 
Than  honesty  to  honesty  engag'd, 
That  this  shall  be,  or  we  will  fall  for  it?  128 

Swear  priests  and  cowards  and  men  cautelous, 
Old  feeble  carrions  and  such  suffering  souls 
That  welcome  wrongs :  unto  bad  causes  swear 
Such  creatures  as  men  doubt;  but  do  not  stain       132 
The  even  virtue  of  our  enterprise, 
Nor  th'  insuppressive  mettle  of  our  spirits, 
To  think  that  or  our  cause  or  our  performance 
Did  need  an  oath ;  when  every  drop  of  blood  136 

That  every  Roman  bears,  and  nobly  bears, 
Is  guilty  of  a  several  bastardy, 
If  he  do  break  the  smallest  particle 

112  all  over:  successively 

114  face  of  men:  mute  appeal  in  the  people's  looks 

115  sufferance :  suffering,  distress  the  .  ;  .  abuse :  abuses  of  the 
time                                                         116  betimes:  before  it's  too  late 

118  high-sighted :  haughty  119  lottery :  arbitrary  decree 

123  What:  why  125  Than  secret:  than  that  of  resolute 

126  palter:  play  fast  and  loose  129  cautelous:  crafty,  deceitful 

130  carrions:  wretches  no  better  than  soulless  carcasses  suffering: 

long-suffering  133  even:  just 

134  insuppressive:  irrepressible  135  or  .  .  .  or:  either  .  .  .  or 

138  Is  individually  condemned  as  illegitimate 


28  The  Tragedy  of 

Of  any  promise  that  hath  pass'd  from  him.  140 

Cos.  But  what  of  Cicero?     Shall  we  sound  him? 
I  think  he  will  stand  very  strong  with  us. 

Casca.  Let  us  not  leave  him  out. 

Cin.  No,  by  no  means. 

Met.  O  let  us  have  him;  for  his  silver  hairs 
Will  purchase  us  a  good  opinion  145 

And^buy  men^jvoices  to  commend  our  deeds: 
It  shall  be  said  his  judgment  rul'd  our  hands; 
Our  youths  and  wildness  shall  no  whit  appear, 
But  all  be  buried  in  his  gravity.  149 

Bru.  O  name  him  not:  let  us  not  break  with  him; 
For  he  will  never  follow  anything 
That  other  men  begin. 

Cas.  Then  leave  him  out.          152 

Casca.  Indeed  he  is  not  fit. 

Dec.  Shall  ho  man  else  be  touch'd  but  only  Caesar  ? 

Cas.  Decius,  well  urg'd.     I  think  it  is  not  meet, 
Mark  Antony,  so  well  belov'd  of  Caesar,  156 

Should  outlive  Caesar:  we  shall  find  of  him 
A  shrewd  contriver;  and  you  know,  his  means, 
If  he  improve  them,  may  well  stretch  so  far 
As  to  annoy  us  all;  which  to  prevent,  160 

Let  Antony  and  Caesar  fall  together. 

Bru.  Our  course  will  seem  too  bloody,  Caius  Cas- 

sius, 

To  cut  the  head  off  and  then  hack  the  limbs, 
Like  wrath  in  death  and  envy  afterwards;  164 

For  Antony  is  but  a  limb  of  Caesar. 
Let  us  be  sacrificers,  but  not  butchers,  Caius. 
We  all  stand  up  against  the  spirit  of  Caesar ; 

150  break  with:  broach  our  plan  to  157  of :  in 

158  shrewd  contriver:  malevolent  plotter 

159  improve:  make  the  most  of 

160  annoy:  seriously  injure 
164  envy:  vindictiveness 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  i  29 

And  in  the  spirit  of  men  there  is  no  blood:  168 

O  then  that  we  could  come  by  Caesar's  spirit, 
And  not  dismember  Caesar !     But,  alas, 
Caesar  must  bleed  for  it.     And,  gentle  friends, 
Let's  kill  him  boldly,  but  not  wrathful^v:  172 

Let's  carve  him  as  a  dish  fit  for  the  gods, 
Not  hew  him  as  a  carcass  fit  for  hounds: 
And  let  our  hearts,  as  subtle  masters  do, 
Stir  up  their  servants  to  an  act  of  rage,  176 

And  after  seem  to  chide  'em.    This  shall  make 
Our  purpose  necessary  and  not  envious ; 
Which  so  appearing  to  the  common  eyes, 
/rWe  shall  be  calFd  purgers,  not  murderers.  180 

;    And,  for  Mark  Antony,  think  not  of  him; 

For  he  can  do  no  more  than  Caesar's  arm 
^   When  Caesar's  head  is  off. 
v    Cas.  Yet  I  fear  him; 

For  in  the  ingrafted  love  he  bears  to  Caesar —        184 

Bru.  Alas,  good  Cassius,  do  not  think  of  him. 
If  he  love  Caesar,  all  that  he  can  do 
Is  to  himself:  take  thought,  and  die  for  Caesar. 
And  that  were  much  he  should,  for  he  is  given 
To  sports,  to  wildness,  and  much  company.  189 

Treb.  There  is  no  fear  in  him;  let  him  not  die: 
For  he  will  live,  and  laugh  at  this  hereafter. 

Clock    strikes. 

Bru.  Peace !  count  the  clock. 

Cas.  The  clock  hath  stricken  three.     192 

Treb.  'Tis  time  to  part. 

Cas.  But  it  is  doubtful  yet 

Whether  Caesar  will  come  forth  to-day  or  no ; 

184  ingrafted:  deeply  rooted 

187  Is  to:  concerns,  affects,  only         take  thought:  despond 

188  that  .  .  .  should:   even  that  would  be  more   than  might  be  ex- 
pected 

190  fear:  cause  for  fear 


The  Tragedy  of 


-• 

For  he  is  superstitious  grown  of  late, 

Quite  from  the  main  opinion  he  held  once  196 

Of  fantasy,  of  dreams,  and  ceremonies. 

It  may  be,  these  apparent  prodigies, 

The  unaccustomed  terror  of  this  night, 

And  the  persuasion  of  his  augurers,  200 

May  hold  him  from  the  Capitol  to-day. 

Dec.  Never  fear  that:  if  he  be  so  resolv'd, 
[  can  o'ersway  him;  for  he  loves  to  hear 
That  unicorns  may  be  betray'd  with  trees,  204 

And  bears  with  glasses,  elephants  with  holes, 

\Lions  with  toils,  and  men  with  flatterers; 
But  when  I  tell  him  he  hates  flatterers, 
He  says  he  does,  being  then  most  flattered.  208 

ivet  me  work; 

For  I  can  give  his  humour  the  true  bent, 
And  I  will  bring  him  to  the  Capitol. 

Cas.  Nay,   we   will   all   of   us   be   there   to   fetch 
him.  212 

Bru.  By  the  eighth  hour:  is  that  the  uttermost? 
Cm.  Be  that  the  uttermost,  and  fail  not  then. 
Met.  Caius  Ligarius  doth  bear  Caesar  hard, 
Who  rated  him  for  speaking  well  of  Pompey:         216 
I  wonder  none  of  you  have  thought  of  him. 

Bru.  Now,  good  Metellus,  go  along  by  him: 
He  loves  me  well,  and  I  have  given  him  reasons; 
Send  him  but  hither,  and  I'll  fashion  him.  220 

Cas.  The  morning  comes  upon  's:  well  leave  you, 

Brutus. 
And,  friends,  disperse  yourselves;  but  all  remember 

196  from  .  .  .  main:  changed  from  the  general 

198  apparent:  manifest 

204  trees:  by  luring  them  to  drive  their  horns  too  firmly  into  trees 

205  glasses:  mirrors,  to  distract  their  attention           holes:  pitfalls 

206  toils:  nets,  snares  210  humour:  disposition;  cf.  n.  on  line  250 
213  uttermost:  latest  216  rated:  berated,  reprimanded 
218  by  him:  by  his  house         220  fashion:  like  modern  'whip  into  shape* 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  i  81 

What    you    have    said,    and    show    yourselves    true 

Romans. 

Eru.  Good  gentlemen,  look  fresh  and  merrily ;       224 
Let  not  our  looks  put  on  our  purposes, 
But  bear  it  as  our  Roman  actors  do, 
With  untir'd  spirits  and  formal  constancy: 
And  so  good  morrow  to  you  every  one.  228 

Exeunt.     Manet  Brutus. 

Boy !  Lucius  !    Fast  asleep  ?    It  is  no  matter ; 
Enjoy  the  honey-heavy  dew  of  slumber: 
Thou  hast  no  figures  nor  no  fantasies 
Which  busy  care  draws  in  the  brains  of  men ; 
Therefore  thou  sleep'st  so  sound.  233 

Enter  Portia. 

For.  Brutus,  my  lord! 

Bru.  Portia,  what  mean  you?    Wherefore  rise  you 

now? 

It  is  not  for  your  health  thus  to  commit 
Your  weak  condition  to  the  raw  cold  morning.          236 

Por.  Nor    for    yours    neither.      You've    ungently, 

Brutus, 

Stole  from  my  bed;  and  yesternight  at  supper 
You  suddenly  arose,  and  walk'd  about, 
Musing  and  sighing,  with  your  arms  across,  240 

And  when  I  ask'd  you  what  the  matter  was, 
You  star'd  upon  me  with  ungentle  looks. 
I  urg'd  you  further;  then  you  scratched  your  head, 
And  too  impatiently  stamp'd  with  your  foot;  244 

Yet  I  insisted,  yet  you  answer 'd  riot, 
But  with  an  angry  wafture  of  your  hand 
Gave  sign  for  me  to  leave  you.     So  I  did, 
Fearing  to  strengthen  that  impatience  248 

227  formal  constancy:  dignified  self-possession 
231  figures:  pictures  created  by  imagination 


32  The  Tragedy  of 

Which  seem'd  too  much  enkindled,  and  withal 

Hoping  it  was  but  an  effect  of  humour, 

Which  sometime  hath  his  hour  with  every  man. 

It  will  not  let  you  eat,  nor  talk,  nor  sleep,  252 

And  could  it  work  so  much  upon  your  shape 

As  it  hath  much  prevail'd  on  your  condition, 

I  should  not  know  you,  Brutus.    Dear  my  lord, 

Make  me  acquainted  with  your  cause  of  grief.         256 

Bru.  I  am  not  well  in  health,  and  that  is  all. 

Por.  Brutus  is  wise,  and  were  he  not  in  health, 
He  would  embrace  the  means  to  come  by  it. 

Bru.  Why,  so  I  do.     Good  Portia,  go  to  bed.       260 

Por.  Is  Brutus  sick,  and  is  it  physical 
To  walk  unbraced  and  suck  up  the  humours 
Of  the  dank  morning?     What!  is  Brutus  sick, 
And  will  he  steal  out  of  his  wholesome  bed  264 

Tnjjarfi  the.  yi_1e  contagion  of  the  night, 
And  tempt  the  rheumy  and  unpurged  air 
To  add  unto  his  sickness  ?     No,  my  Brutus ; 
You  have  some  sick  offence  within  your  mind,  268 

Which,  by  the  right  and  virtue  of  my  place, 
I  ought  to  know  of;  and,  upon  my  knees, 
I  charm  you,  by  my  once-commended  beauty, 
By  all  your  vows  of  love,  and  that  great  vow         272 
Which  did  incorporate  and  make  us  one, 
That  you  unfold  to  me,  your  self,  your  half, 
Why  you  are  heavy,  and  what  men  to-night 
Have  had  resort  to  you;  for  here  have  been  276 

Some  six  or  seven,  who  did  hide  their  faces 
Even  from  darkness. 

Bru.  Kneel  not,  gentle  Portia. 

250  humour;  cf.  n.  253,  254  (.outward)  shape,  (.inward)  condition 

261  physical:  healthful 

266  rheumy:  causing  rheumatic  diseases  unpurged:  unpurified  by 

the  sun  268  sick  offence:  unhealthy  trouble 

271  charm:  conjure,  entreat 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  i 


Por.  I  should  not  need,  if  you  were  gentle  Brutus. 
Within  the  bond  of  marriage,  tell  me,  Brutus,         280 
Is  it  excepted  I  should  know  no  secrets 
That  appertain  to  you?     Am  I  yourself 
But,  as  it  were,  in  sort  or  limitation, 
To  keep  with  you  at  meals,  comfort  your  bed,       284 
And  talk  to  you   sometimes?      Dwell    I   but  in  the 

suburbs 

Of  your  good  pleasure?     If  it  be  no  more, 
Portia  is  Brutus'  harlot,  not  his  wife. 

Bru.  You  are  my  true  and  honourable  wife,       288 
As  dear  to  me  as  are  the  ruddy  drops 
That  visit  my  sad  heart. 

Por.  If  this  were   true  then   should   I   know  this 

secret. 

I  grant  I  am  a  woman,  but,  withal,  292 

A  woman  that  Lord  Brutus  took  to  wife; 
I  grant  I  am  a  woman,  but,  withal, 
A  woman  well-reputed,  Cato's  daughter. 
Think  you  I  am  no  stronger  than  my  sex,  296 

Being  so  fathered  and  so  husbanded? 
Tell  me  your  counsels,  I  will  not  disclose  'em. 
I  have  made  strong  proof  of  my  constancy, 
Giving  myself  a  voluntary  wound,  300 

Here,  in  the  thigh:  can  I  bear  that  with  patience 
And  not  my  husband's  secrets? 

Bru.  O  ye  gods, 

Render  me  worthy  of  this  noble  wife! 

Knock  [within]. 

Hark,  hark!  one  knocks.     Portia,  go  in  awhile;       304 
And  by  and  by  thy  bosom  shall  partake 
The  secrets  of  my  heart. 

283  in  ...  limitation:  only  after  a  fashion  or  with  restrictions 
292  withal:  with  this  saving  reservation 
295  Cato:  Marcus  Porcius  Caio,  'of  Utica' 


The  Tragedy  of 


All  my  engagements  I  will  construe  to  thee, 
All  the  charactery  of  my  sad  brows.  308 

Leave  me  with  haste.  Exit  Portia. 

Lucius,  who's  that  knocks? 

Enter  Lucius  and  Ligarius. 

Luc.  Here  is  a  sick  man  that  would  speak  with  you. 

Bru.  Caius  Ligarius,  that  Metellus  spoke  of. 
Boy,  stand  aside.     Caius  Ligarius  !  how  ?  312 

Lig.  Vouchsafe  good  morrow  from  a  feeble  tongue. 

Bru.  O   what   a   time   have   you   chose   out,   brave 

Caius, 
To  wear  a  kerchief  !    Would  you  were  not  sick  ! 

Lig.  I  am  not  sick  if  Brutus  have  in  hand 
Any  exploit  worthy  the  name  of  honour.  317 

Bru.  Such  an  exploit  have  I  in  hand,  Ligarius, 
Had  you  a  healthful  ear  to  hear  of  it. 

Lig.  By  all  the  gods  that  Romans  bow  before, 
I  here  discard  my  sickness  !     Soul  of  Rome,  321 

Brave  son,  deriv'd  from  honourable  loins, 
Thou,  like  an  exorcist,  hast  conjur'd  up 
My  mortified  spirit.     Now  bid  me  run, 
And  I  will  strive  with  things  impossible;  325 

Yea,  get  the  better  of  them.    What's  to  do  ? 

Bru.  A  piece   of   work   that  will  make   sick   men 
whole. 

Lig.  But  are  not  some  whole  that  we  must  make 
sick?  328 

Bru.  That  must  we  also.     What  it  is,  my  Caius, 
I  shall  unfold  to  thee  as  we  are  going 
To  whom  it  must  be  done. 

307  engagements:  undertakings  that  I  stand  committed  to         construe: 
explain  308  charactery:  writing,  message 

309  who's:  who  is  it  313  Vouchsafe:  vouchsafe  to  receive 

315  kerchief:  swathing  for  the  head  of  the  sick 

323  exorcist:  magician  324  mortified:  deadened 

331  To  whom:  to  him  to  whom 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  ii  35 

Lig.  Set  on  your  foot, 

And  with  a  heart  new-fir'd  I  follow  you,  332 

To  do  I  know  not  what;  but  it  sufficeth 
That  Brutus  leads  me  on.  Thunder. 

Bru.  Follow  me  then. 

Exeunt. 

Scene  Two 
[C ' cesar's  House] 

Thunder  and  lightning.     Enter  Julius  Ccesar  in  his 
night-gown. 

Cces.  Nor  heaven  nor  earth  have  been  at  peace  to- 
night : 

Thrice  hath  Calpurnia  in  her  sleep  cried  out, 
'Help,  ho !     They  murder  Caesar !'     Who's  within  ? 

Enter  a  Servant. 

Serv.  My  lord!  4 

Cces.  Go  bid  the  priests  do  present  sacrifice, 
And  bring  me  their  opinions  of  success. 

Serv.  I  will,  my  lord.  Exit. 

Enter  Calpurnia. 

Col.  What  mean  you,  Caesar?     Think  you  to  walk 
forth?  8 

You  shall  not  stir  out  of  your  house  to-day. 

Cces.  Caesar  shall  forth:  the  things  that  threatened 

me 

Ne'er  look'd  but  on  my  back;  when  they  shall  see 
The  face  of  Caesar,  they  are  vanished.  12 

Cal.  Caesar,  I  never  stood  on  ceremonies, 

Scene  Two  S.  d.  night-gown :  dressing-gown 

5  present:  immediate  6  success:  the  future 

13  stood  on  ceremonies:  laid  stress  on  omens 


The  Tragedy  of 


Yet  now  they  fright  me.    There  is  one  within, 

Besides  the  things  that  we  have  heard  and  seen, 

Recounts  most  horrid  sights  seen  by  the  watch. 

A  lioness  hath  whelped  in  the  streets;  17 

And  graves  have  yawn'd  and  yielded  up  their  dead; 

Fierce  fiery  warriors  fought  upon  the  clouds, 

In  ranks  and  squadrons  and  right  form  of  war, 

Which  drizzled  blood  upon  the  Capitol;  21 

The  noise  of  battle  hurtled  in  the  air, 

Horses  did  neigh,  and  dying  men  did  groan, 

And  ghosts  did  shriek  and  squeal  about  the  streets.     24 

O  Caesar,  these  things  are  beyond  all  use, 

And  I  do  fear  them. 

Cces.  Wlmt-can  be  ;  avoided 

Whose  end  is  purpos^jLMjbhe  mighty,  gods  ? 
Yet  Caesar  shall  go  fortm;  for  these  predictions        28 
.re  to  the  world  in  ge/neral  as  to  Caesar. 

Cal.  When  beggars/  die  there  are  no  comets  seen; 
The    heavens    themselves    blaze    forth   the   death    of 
princes. 

Cces.  Cowards    /die     many     times     before     their 
deaths  ;  /  32 

The  valiant  never  taste  of  death  but  once. 
Of  all  the  wonders  that  I  yet  have  heard, 
It  seems  to  m^most  strange  that  men  should  fear; 
Seeing  that  death,  a  necessary  end.  36 

Will  come  when  it  will  come. 

Enter  a  Servant. 

What  say  the  augurers  ? 

Serv.  They  would  not  have  you  to  stir  forth  to-day. 
Plucking  the  entrails  of  an  offering  forth, 

20  right  form:  regular  formations 

22  hurtled:  emitted  sounds  of  conflict,  clashed 

25  use:  previous  experience 

27  end  :  accomplishment  29  Are  to  :  are  as  applicable  to 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  ii  37 

They  could  not  find  a  heart  within  the  beast.  40 

Cces.  The  gods  do  this  in  shame  of  cowardice: 
Caesar  should  be  a  beast  without  a  heart    \ 
If  he  should  stay  at  home  to-day  for  fear.  ^ 
No,  Caesar  shall  not;  danger  knows  full  well  44 

That  Caesar  is  more  dangerous  than  he: 
We  are  two  lions  litter'd  in  one  day, 
And  I  the  elder  and  more  terrible: 
And  Caesar  shall  go  forth. 

Cal.  Alas,  my  lord,  43 

Your  wisdom  is  consumed  in  confidence^.     *u*e-cc<m.  L 
Do  not  go  forth  to-day:  call  it  my  fear  / 

That  keeps  you  in  the  house,  and  not  your  own. 
pfVe'll  send  Mark  Antony  to  the  senate-house,  52 

L  And  he  shall  say  you  are  not  well  to-day : 
)  Let  me,  upon  my  knee,  prevail  in  this. 

Cces.  Mark  Antony  shall  say  I  am  not  well ; 
And,  for  thy  humour,  I  will  stay  at  home.  56 

Enter  Decius. 
Here's  Decius  Brutus,  he  shall  tell  them  so. 

Dec.  Caesar,  all  hail!     Good  morrow,  worthy  Cae- 
sar: 
I  come  t*>  fetch  you  to  the  senate-house. 

Cces.  And  you  are  come  in  very  happy  time          60 
To  bear  my  greeting  to  the  senators, 
And  tell  them  that  I  will  not  come  to-day: 
Cannot,  is  false,  and  that  I  dare  not,  falser; 
I  will  not  come  to-day:  tell  them  so,  Decius.  64 

Cal.  Say  he  is   sick. 

Cces.  Shall  Caesar  send  a  lie? 

Have  I  in  conquest  stretch'd  mine  arm  so  far 
To  be  af eard  to  tell  greybeards  the  truth  ? 
Decius,  go  tell  them  Caesar  will  not  come.  68 

49  confidence:  over-confidence  56  humour:  whim,  caprice 


The  Tragedy  of 


Dec.  Most  mighty  Caesar,  let  me  know  some  cause, 
Lest  I  be  laugh'd  at  when  I  tell  them  so. 

Cces.  The  cause  is  in  my  will  :  T  will  not  come  ; 
That  is  enough  to  satisfy  the  senate:  72 

But  for  your  private  satisfaction, 
Because  I  love  you,  I  will  let  you  know: 
Calpurnia  here,  my  wife,  stays  me  at  home  : 
She  dreamt  to-night  she  saw  my  statue,  76 

Which,  like  a  fountain  with  a  hundred  spouts, 
Did  run  pure  blood;  and  many  lusty  Romans 
Came  smiling,  and  did  bathe  their  hands  in  it: 
And  these   does    she   apply   for   warnings   and  por- 
tents, 80 

And  evils  imminent;  and  on  her  knee 
Hath  begg'd  that  I  will  stay  at  home  to-day. 

Dec.  This  dream  is  all  amiss  interpreted; 
It  was  a  vision  fair  and  fortunate:  84 

Your  statue  spouting  blood  in  many  pipes, 
In  which  so  many  smiling  Romans  bath'd, 
Signifies  that  from  you  great  Rome  shall  suck 
Reviving  blood,  and  that  great  men  shall  press 
For  tinctures,  stains,  relics,  and  cognizance.  89 

This  by  Calpurnia's  dream  is  signified. 

Cces.  And  this  way  have  you  well  expounded  it. 

Dec.  I   l}ave,   when  you   have   heard  what   I   can 
say  ;  92 

And  know  it  now:  the  senate  have  concluded 
To  give  this  day  a  crown  to  mighty  Caesar. 
If  you  shall  send  them  word  you  will  not  come, 
Their  minds  may  change.    Besides,  it  were  a  mock    96 
Apt  to  be  rendered,  for  some  one  to  say, 

75  stays:  keeps  88  press:  crowd  about 

89  tinctures  :  healing  medicines;  cf.  n.  stains  :  assimilable  traces 

(tinges)  of  Cesar's  qualities        relics:  i.e.,  religious  benefits        cog- 

nizance: heraldic  emblems,  i.e.,  social  benefits 
96  mock:  gibe 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  n  39 

'Break  up  the  senate  till  another  time, 
When  Caesar's  wife  shall  meet  with  better  dreams/ 
If  Caesar  hide  himself,  shall  they  not  whisper,         100 
'Lo,  Caesar  is  afraid'? 
Pardon  me,  Caesar;  for  my  dear  dear  love 
To  your  proceeding  bids  me  tell  you  this, 
And  reason  to  my  love  is  liable.  104 

COBS.  How  foolish  do  your  fears   seem  now,   Cal- 

purnia ! 

I  am  ashamed  I  did  yield  to  them. 
Give  me  my  robe,  for  I  will  go. 

Enter  Brutus,  Ligarius,  Metellus,  Casca,  Trebonius, 
Cinna,  and  Publius. 

And  look  where  Publius  is  come  to  fetch  me.  108 

Pub.  Good  morrow,  Caesar. 

Cces.  Welcome,  Publius. 

What,  Brutus,  are  you  stirr'd  so  early  too? 
Good  morrow,  Casca.     Caius  Ligarius, 
Caesar  was  ne'er  so  much  your  enemy  112 

As  that  same  ague  which  hath  made  you  lean. 
What  is  't  o'clock? 

Bru.  Caesar,  'tis  strucken  eight. 

Cces.  I  thank  you  for  your  pains  and  courtesy. 

Enter  Antony. 

See,  Antony,  that  revels  long  o'  nights,  116 

Is  notwithstanding  up.     Good  morrow,  Antony. 

u*fw£.  So  to  most  noble  Caesar. 

Cces.  Bid  them  prepare  within: 

I  am  to  blame  to  be  thus  waited  for. 
Now,  Cinna;  now,  Metellus;  what,  Trebonius, 
I  have  an  hour's  talk  in  store  for  you ;  121 

Remember  that  you  call  on  me  to-day: 

103  proceeding:  career  104  liable:  subservient 


40 The  Tragedy  of 

Be  near  me,  that  I  may  remember  you. 

Tre b .  Caesar,  I  will : —  £ A^id&^-WsL  so  n_e^r_willj[ 

be,  124 

Thatjourjbest  friends  shall  wish  I  had  been  further. 

COBS.  Good  friends,  go  in,  and  taste  some  wine  with 

me; 

And  we,  like  friends,  will  straightway  go  together. 
Bru.  [Aside.]   That  every  'like*  is  not  'the  same/ 
O  Caesar,  128 

The  heart  of  Brutus  yearns  to  think  upon.        Exeunt. 

Scene  Three 

[A  Street  near  the  Capitol] 
Enter  Artemidorus   [reading  a  paper]. 

Art.  'Caesar,  beware  of  Brutus;  take  heed  of 
Cassius;  come  not  near  Casca;  have  an  eye  to 
Cinna;  trust  not  Trebonius;  mark  well  Metel- 
lus  Cimber;  Decius  Brutus  loves  thee  not;  thou 
hast  wronged  Caius  Ligarius.  There  is  but  one 
mind  in  all  these  men,  and  it  is  bent  against 
Caesar.  If  thou  beest  not  immortal,  look  about 
you:  security  gives  way  to  conspiracy.  The 
mighty  gods  defend  thee !  Thy  lover,  9 

ARTEMIDORUS/ 

Here  will  I  stand  till  Caesar  pass  along, 

And  as  a  suitor  will  I  give  him  this.  12 

My  heart  laments  that  virtue  cannot  live 

Out  of  the  teeth  of  emulation. 

If  thou  read  this,  O  Caesar,  thou  mayest  live; 

If  not,  the  Fates  with  traitors  do  contrive.  Exit. 

128  Cf.n.  129  yearns:  grieves 

8  security  gives  way :  unguardedness  yields  opportunity 

9  lover:  friend 

14  Out  .  .  .  teeth:  free  from  the  bite          emulation:  grudging  jealousy 


Julius  Ccesar,  II.  iv 


Scene  Four 

[Another  part  of  the  same  Street,  before  the  house 
of  Brutus] 

Enter  Portia  and  Lucius. 

Por.  I  prithee,  boy,  run  to  the  senate-house; 
Stay  not  to  answer  me,  but  get  thee  gone. 
Why  dost  thou  stay? 

Luc.  To  know  my  errand,  madam. 

Por.  I    would    have    had    thee    there,    and    here 
again,  4 

Ere  I  can  tell  thee  what  thou  shouldst  do  there. 

0  constancy,  be  strong  upon  my  side; 

Set  a  huge  mountain  'tween  my  heart  and  tongue; 

1  have  a  man's  mind,  but  a  woman's  might.  & 
How  hard  it  is  for  women  to  keep  counsel  ! 

Art  thou  here  yet? 

Luc.  Madam,  what  shall  I  do? 

Run  to  the  Capitol,  and  nothing  else? 
And  so  return  to  you,  and  nothing  else?  12 

Por.  Yes,  bring  me  word,  boy,  if  thy  lord  look  well, 
For  he  went  sickly  forth  ;  and  take  good  note 
What  Caesar  doth,  what  suitors  press  to  him. 
Hark,  boy  !  what  noise  is  that  ?  16 

Luc.  I  hear  none,  madam. 

Por.  Prithee,  listen  well: 

I  heard  a  bustling  rumour,  like  a  fray, 
And  the  wind  brings  it  from  the  Capitol. 

Luc.  Sooth,  madam,  I  hear  nothing.  20 

Enter  the  Soothsayer. 

Por.  Come   hither,    fellow:    which   way    hast   thou 
been? 

20  Sooth  :  in  truth 


42  The  Tragedy  of 

Sooth.  At  mine  own  house,  good  lady. 

For.  What  is  't  o'clock? 

Sooth.  About  the  ninth  hour,  lady. 

Por.  Is  Caesar  yet  gone  to  the  Capitol?  24 

Sooth.  Madam,  not  yet:  I  go  to  take  my  stand, 
To  see  him  pass  on  to  the  Capitol. 

Por.  Thou  hast  some  suit  to  Caesar,  hast  thou  not? 

Sooth.  That   I   have,   lady:   if   it  will   please   Ca?- 
sar  28 

To  be  so  good  to  Caesar  as  to  hear  me, 
I  shall  beseech  him  to  befriend  himself. 

Por.  Why,    luvxw,'st    thou    any    harm's    intended 
towards  him? 

Sooth.  None  that  I  know  will  be,  much  that  I  fear 
may  chance.  32 

Good  morrow  to  you.     Here  the  street  is  narrow: 
The  throng  that  follows  Caesar  at  the  heels, 
Of  senators,  of  praetors,  common  suitors, 
Will  crowd  a  feeble  man  almost  to  death:  36 

I'll  get  me  to  a  place  more  void,  and  there 
Speak  to  great  Caesar  as  he  comes  along.  Exit. 

Por.  I  must  go  in.    Ay  me !  how  weak  a  thing 
The  heart  of  woman  is.     O  Brutus,  40 

The  heavens  speed  thee  in  thine  enterprise! 
Sure,  the  boy  heard  me. — Brutus  hath  a  suit 
That  Caesar  will  not  grant. — O,  I  grow  faint. — 
Run,  Lucius,  and  commend  me  to  my  lord;  44 

Say  I  am  merry:  come  to  me  again, 
And  bring  me  word  what  he  doth  say  to  thee. 

Exeunt. 

37  void:  open 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  i  43 

ACT  THIRD 

Scene  One 
[Before  the  Capitol] 

Flourish.  Enter  Ccesar,  Brutus,  Cassius,  Casca,  De- 
cius,  Metellus,  Trebonius  f  Cinna,  Antony,  Lepi- 
dus,  Artemidorus,  [Popilius  f]  Publius,  the  Sooth- 
sayer [and  Others]. 

COBS.  [To  the  Soothsayer.]   The  ides  of  March  are 
come. 

Sooth.  Ay,  Caesar;  but  not  gone. 

Art.  Hail,  Caesar!     Read  this  schedule. 

Dec.  Trebonius  doth  desire  you  to  o'er-read,       4 
At  your  best  leisure,  this  his  humble  suit. 

Art.  O  Caesar,  read  mine  first;  for  mine's  a  suit 
That  touches  Caesar  nearer.     Read  it,  great  Caesar. 

Cces.  What     touches     us     ourself     shall     be     last 
serv'd.  8 

Art.  Delay  not,  Caesar;  read  it  instantly. 

Cces.  What,  is  the  fellow  mad? 

Pub.  Sirrah,  give  place. 

Cces.  What,  urge  you  your  petitions  in  the  street? 
Come  to  the  Capitol.  12 

[Ccesar  goes  up   to  the  Senate-House,  the   rest 
following.'] 

Pop.  I  wish  your  enterprise  to-day  may  thrive. 

Cas.  What  enterprise,  Popilius? 

Pop.  Fare  you  well. 

[Advances  to  Ccesar. ] 
Bru.  What  said  Popilius  Lena? 

Scene  One  S.  d.  Before  .  .  .  Capitol;  cf.  n. 

3  schedule:  written  scroll  8  serv'd:  attended  to 


^-     3 


44  The  Tragedy  of 

Cas.  He     wish'd     to-day     our     enterprise     might 
thrive.  16 

I  fear  our  purpose  is  discovered. 

Bru.  Look,  how  he  makes  to  Caesar:  mark  him. 

Cas.  Casca,  be  sudden,  for  we  fear  prevention. 
Brutus,  what  shall  be  done?     If  this  be  known,         20 
Cassius  or  Caesar  never  shall  turn  back, 
For  I  will  slay  myself. 

Bru.  Cassius,  be  constant: 

Popilius  Lena  speaks  not  of  our  purposes; 
For,  look,  he  smiles,  and  Caesar  doth  not  change.     24 

Cas.  Trebonius    knows    his    time;    for,    look    you, 

Brutus, 
He  draws  Mark  Antony  out  of  the  way. 

•"•'  [Exeunt  Antony  and  Trebonius.~\ 

Dec.  Where  is  Metellus  Cimber?     Let  him  go, 
And  presently  prefer  his  suit  to  Caesar.  28 

Bru.  He  is  addressed;  press  near  and  second  him. 

Cin.  Casca,  you  are  the  first  that  rears  your  hand. 

Cces.  Are  we  all  ready?     What  is  now  amiss, 
That  Caesar  and  his  senate  must  redress?  32 

Met.  Most  high,  most  mighty,  and  most  puissant 

Caesar, 

Metellus  Cimber  throws  before  thy  seat 
A  humble  heart, —  [Kneeling.] 

Cces.  I  must  prevent  thee,  Cimber. 

These  couchings  and  these  lowly  courtesies,  36 

Might  fire  the  blood  of  ordinary  men, 
And  turn  pre-ordinance  and  first  decree 
Into  the  law  of  children.  Be  not  fond, 

22  constant:  unmoved 

28  prefer:  present,  offer 

29  address'd:  ready 

36  couchings:  prostrations        courtesies:  bowings 

38  pre-ordinance:  what  is  already  ordained 

39  law  of  children:  arbitrary  uncertainty          fond:  foolish 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  i 


To  think  that  Caesar  bears  such  rebel  blood  40 

That  will  be  thaw'd  from  the  true  quality 

With  that  which  melteth  fools;  I  mean  sweet  words, 

Low-crooked  curtsies,  and  base  spaniel  fawning. 

Thy  brother  by  decree  is  banished:  44 

If  thou  dost  bend  and  pray  and  fawn  for  him, 

I  spurn  thee  like  a  cur  out  of  my  way. 

Know,  Caesar  doth  not  wrong,  nor  without  cause 

Will  he  be  satisfied.  48 

Met.  Is  there  no  voice  more  worthy  than  my  own, 
To  sound  more  sweetly  in  great  Caesar's  ear 
For  the  repealing  of  my  banish'd  brother? 

Bru.  I  kiss  thy  hand,  but  not  in  flattery,  Caesar  ;    52 
Desiring  thee,  that  Publius  Cimber  may 
Have  an  immediate  freedom  of  repeal. 

Cces.  What,  Brutus  ! 

Cas.  Pardon,  Caesar;  Caesar,  pardon: 

As  low  as  to  thy  foot  doth  Cassius  fall,  56 

To  beg  enfranchisement  for  Publius  Cimber. 

Cces.  I  could  be  well  mov'd  if  I  were  as  you  ; 
If  I  could  pray  to  move,  prayers  would  move  me: 
But  I  am  constant  as  the  northern  star,  60 

Of  whose  true-tix'd  and  resting  quality 
There  is  no  fellow  in  the  firmament. 
The  skies  are  painted  with  unnumber'd  sparks, 
They  are  all  fire  and  every  one  doth  shine,  64 

But  there's  but  one  in  all  doth  hold  his  place: 
So,  in  the  world;  'tis  furnish'd  well  with  men, 
And  men  are  flesh  and  blood,  and  apprehensive; 
Yet  in  the  number  I  do  know  but  one  68 

40  rebel  :  ungovernable  42  With  :  by 

43  Low-crooked:  low-bending  curtsies:  same  as  'courtesies,'  line  36 

spaniel:  servile,  obsequious  47,  48  Cf.  n. 
51  repealing:  recalling 

54  freedom  of  repeal:  free,  unconditional  recall  59  Cf.n. 

61  resting:  stationary  63  painted:  decorated 
67  apprehensive:  intelligent 


46  The  Tragedy  of 

That  unassailable  holds  on  his  rank, 

Unshak'd  of  motion:  and  that  I  am  he 

Let  me  a  little  show  it,  even  in  this, 

That  I  was  constant  Cimber  should  be  banish'd, 

And  constant  do  remain  to  keep  him  so.  73 

Cm.  O  Caesar, — 

Cces.  Hence !    Wilt  thou  lift  up  Olympus  ? 

Dec.  Great  Caesar, — 

Cces.  Doth  not  Brutus  bootless  kneel? 

Casca.  Speak,  hands,  for  me !  76 

They  stab  Ccesar. 

Cces.  Et  tu,  Brute?     Then  fall,  Casar!  Dies. 

Cin.  Liberty !    Freedom !    Tyranny  is  dead ! 
Run  hence,  proclaim,  cry  it  about  the  streets. 

Cas.  Some  to  the  common  pulpits,  and  cry  out,     80 
'Liberty,  freedom,  and  enfranchisement !' 

Bru.  People  and  senators,  be  not  affrighted; 
Fly  not;  stand  still;  ambition's  debJLJs_paid^ 

[Exeunt  all  but  the  Conspirators  and  Publius.'] 

Casca.  Go  to  the  pulpit,  Brutus. 

Dec.  And  Cassius  too.     84 

Bru.  Where's  Publius? 

Cin.  Here,  quite  confounded  with  this  mutiny. 

Met.  Stand  fast  together,  lest  some  friend  of  Cae- 
sar's 
Should  chance—  88 

Bru.  Talk  not  of  standing.     Publius,  good  cheer; 
There  is  no  harm  intended  to  your  person, 
Nor  to  no  Roman  else;  so  tell  them,  Publius. 

Cas.  And  leave  us,  Publius ;  lest  that  the  people,     92 
Rushing  on  us,  should  do  your  age  some  mischief. 

69  holds  on:  maintains         rank:  position 

75  bootless:  unavailing ly 

80  common  pulpits:  public  rostra 

89  good  cheer:  be  of  good  cheer,  undismayed 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  i 


Era.  Do  so;  and  let  no  man  abide  this  deed 
But  we  the  doers.  {Exit  Publius.'] 

Enter  Trebonius. 
(Cas.  Where  is  Antony? 

.  Fled  to  his  house  amaz'd.     96 

Men,  wives,  and  children  stare,  cry  out,  and  run, 

it  were  doomsday. 

"Bru.  Fates,  we  will  know  your  pleasures. 

That  we  shall  die,  we  know  ;  'tis  but  the  time 
And  drawing  days  out,  that  men  stand  upon.  100 

Casca.  Why,  he  that  cuts  off  twenty  years  of  life 
Cuts  off  so  many  years  of  fearing  death. 

Bru.  Grant  that,  and  then  is  death  a  benefit: 
/So  are  we  Caesar's  friends,  that  have  abridg'd        104 
/jHis  time  of  fearing  death.     Stoop,  Romans,  stoop, 
And  let  us  bathe  our  hands  in  Caesar's  blood 
Up  to  the  elbows,  and  besmear  our  swords: 
Then  walk  we  forth,  even  to  the  market-place;       108 
And  waving  our  red  weapons  o'er  our  heads, 
Let's  all  cry,  'Peace,  freedom,  and  liberty  !' 

Cas.  Stoop,  then,  and  wash.    How  many  ages  hence 
Shall  this  our  lofty  scene  be  acted  over,  112 

In  states  unborn  and  accents  yet  unknown  ! 

Bru.  How  many  times  shall  Caesar  bleed  in  sport, 
That  now  on  Pompey's  basis  lies  along, 
No  worthier  than  the  dust  ! 

Cas.  So  oft  as  that  shall  be,     116 

So  often  shall  the  knot  of  us  be  call'd 
The  men  that  gave  their  country  liberty. 
Dec.  What,  shall  we  forth? 
Cas.  Ay,  every  man  away: 

94  abide:  pay  the  penalty  for  97  wives:  women 

100  drawing  .  .  .  out:  prolonging  their  life  stand  upon:  lay  stress 

on,  worry  about 

115  Pompey's  basis:  pedestal  of  Pompey's  statue        along:  outstretched 
117  knot:  group 


48     The  Tragedy  of 

Brutus  shall  lead;  and  we  will  grace  his  heels 
With  the  most  boldest  and  best  heart s  jxf^  Rome.       121 

Enter  a  Servant. 

Bru.  Softy  who  comes  here?    A  friend  of  Antony's. 

Serv.  Thus,  Brutus,  did  my  master  bid  me  kneel; 
Thus  did  Mark  Antony  bid  me  fall  down;  124 

And,  being  prostrate,  thus  he  bade  me  say : 
Brutus  is  noble,  wise,  valiant,  and  honest; 
Caesar  was  mighty,  bold,  royal,  and  loving: 
Say  I  love  Brutus,  and  I  honour  him;  128 

Say  I  fear'd  Caesar,  honour'd  him,  and  lov'd  him. 
If  Brutus  will  vouchsafe  that  Antony 
May  safely  come  to  him,  and  be  resolv'd 
How  Caesar  hath  deserv'd  to  lie  in  death,  132 

Mark  Antony  shall  not  love  Caesar  dead 
So  well  as  Brutus  living;  but  will  follow 
The  fortunes  and  affairs  of  noble  Brutus 
Thorough  the  hazards  of  this  untrod  state  136 

With  all  true  faith.     So  says  my  master  Antony. 

Bru.  Thy  master  is  a  wise  and  valiant  Roman; 
I  never  thought  him  worse. 
Tell  him,  so  please  him  come  unto  this  place, 
He  shall  be  satisfied;  and,  by  my  honour,  141 

Depart  untouch'd. 

Serv.  I'll  fetch  him  presently. 

Exit  Servant. 

Bru.   I  know  that  we  shall  have  him  well  to  friend. 

Cas.  I  wish  we  may :  but  yet  have  I  a  mind 
That  fears  him  much ;  and  my  misgiving  still 
Falls  shrewdly  to  the  purpose.  146 

131  resolv'd:  convinced,  satisfied 

136  Thorough:  throughout          untrod:  novel,  precarious 

140  so  please  him:  if  he  is  willing  to 

143  well  to  friend:  as  a  good  friend 

145,  146  still  .  .  .  purpose:  always  proves  only  too  well  grounded 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  i  49 

Enter  Antony. 

Bru.  But    here    comes    Antony.      Welcome,    Mark 
Antony. 

Ant.  O  mighty  Caesar!  dost  thou  lie  so  low? 
Are  all  thy  conquests,  glories,  triumphs,  spoils, 
Shrunk  to  this  little  measure?     Fare  thee  well. 
I  know  not,  gentlemen,  what  you  intend,  151 

Who  else  must  be  let  blood,  who  else  is  rank: 
If  I  myself,  there  is  no  hour  so  fit 
As  Caesar's  death's  hour,  nor  no  instrument 
Of  half  that  worth  as  those  your  swords,  made  rich 
With  the  most  noble  blood  of  all  this  world.  156 

I  do  beseech  ye,  if  ye  bear  me  hard, 
Now,  whilst  your  purpled  hands  do  reek  and  smoke, 
Fulfil  your  pleasure.     Live  a  thousand  years, 
I  shall  not  find  myself  so  apt  to  die:  160 

No  place  will  please  me  so,  no  mean  of  death, 
As  here  by  Caesar,  and  by  you  cut  off, 
The  choice  and  master  spirits  of  this  age. 

Bru.  O  Antony !  beg  not  your  death  of  us. 
Though  now  we  must  appear  bloody  and  cruel,       165 
As,  by  our  hands  and  this  our  present  act, 
You  see  we  do,  yet  see  you  but  our  hands 
And  this  the  bleeding  business  they  have  done: 
Our  hearts  you  see  not;  they  are  pitifulj^  169 

And  pity  to  the  general  wrong  of  Rome — 
As  fire  drives  out  fire,  so  pity  pity — 
Hath  done  this  deed  on  Caesar.     For  your  part, 
To  you  our   swords   have  leaden   points,    Mark  An- 
tony :  173 
Our  arms  in  strength  of  malice,  and  our  hearts 

152  let  blood:  bled,  for  medical  purposes  rank:  diseased  from  sur- 

feiting 159  Live:  if  I  live  160  apt:  ready,  fit 

161  mean:  means  162  by  Caesar :  beside  Ccesar 

174  malice:  power  (but  not  wish}  to  harm;  cf.  n. 


50  The  Tragedy  of 

Of  brothers*  temper,  do  receive  you  in 

With  all  kind  love,  good  thoughts,  and  reverence.     176 

Cas.  Your  voice  shall  be  as  strong  as  any  man's 
In  the  disposing  of  new  dignities. 

Bru.  Only  be  patient  till  we  have  appeas'd 
The  multitude,  beside  themselves  with  fear,  180 

And  then  we  will  deliver  you  the  cause 
Why  I,  that  did  love  Caesar  when  I  struck  him, 
Have  thus  proceeded. 

Ant.  I  doubt  not  of  your  wisdom. 

Let  each  man  render  me  his  bloody  hand:  184 

First,  Marcus  Brutus,  will  I  shake  with  you  ; 
Next,  Caius  Cassius,  do  I  take  your  hand; 
Now,  Decius  Brutus,  yours  ;  now  yours,  Metellus  ; 
Yours,  Cinna  ;  and,  my  valiant  Casca,  yours  ;  188 

Though  last,  not  least  in  love,  yours,  good  Trebonius. 
Gentlemen  all,  —  alas  !  what  shall  I  say  ? 
My  credit  now  stands  on  such  slippery  ground, 
That  one  of  two  bad  ways  you  must  conceit  me,       192 
Either  a  coward  oy  Q 


That  I  did  love  thee,  Caesar,  O  'tis  true  : 
If  then  thy  spirit  look  upon  us  now, 
Shall  it  not  grieve  thee  dearer  than  thy  death,       196 
To  see  thy  Antony  making  his  peace, 
Shaking  the  bloody  fingers  of  thy  foes, 
Most  noble,  in  the  presence  of  thy  corse  ? 
Had  I  as  many  eyes  as  thou  hast  wounds,  200 

Weeping  as  fast  as  they  stream  forth  thy  blood, 
It  would  become  me  better  than  to  close 
In  terms  of  friendship  with  thine  enemies. 
Pardon  me,   Julius.      Here   wast   thou   bay'd,   brave 
hart;  204 

178  disposing  .  .  .  dignities:  distributing  .  .  .  offices 

199  corse:  corpse  202  close:  unite 

204  bay'd:  brought  to  bay         hart:  stag  (an  obvious  play  on  words') 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  i 


Here  didst  thou  fall;  and  here  thy  hunters  stand, 

Sign'd  in  thy  spoil,  and  crimson'd  in  thy  lethe. 

O  world,  thou  wast  the  forest  to  this  hart, 

And  this,  indeed,  O  world,  the  heart  of  thee.  208 

How  like  a  deer,  stricken  by  many  princes, 

Dost  thou  here  lie! 

Cas.  Mark  Antony,  — 

Ant.  Pardon  me,  Caius  Cassius: 

The  enemies  of  Caesar  shall  say  this;  212 

Then,  in  a  friend,  it  is  cold  modesty. 

Cas.  I  blame  you  not  for  praising  Caesar  so; 
But  what  compact  mean  you  to  have  with  us? 
Will  you  be  prick'd  in  number  of  our  friends,       216 
Or  shall  we  on,  and  not  depend  on  you? 

Ant.  Therefore  I  took  your  hands,  but  was  indeed 
Sway'd  from  the  point  by  looking  down  on  Caesar. 
Friends  am  I  with  you  all,  and  love  you  all,         220 
Upon  this  hope,  that  you  shall  give  me  reasons 
Why  and  wherein  Caesar  was  dangerous. 

Bru.  Or  else  were  this  a  savage  spectacle. 
Our  reasons  are  so  full  of  good  regard  224 

That  Were  you,  Antony,  the  son  of  Caesar, 
You  should  be  satisfied. 

Ant.  That's  all  I  seek: 

And  am  moreover  suitor  that  I  may 
Produce  his  body  to  the  market-place,  228 

And  in  the  pulpit,  as  becomes  a  friend, 
Speak  in  the  order  of  his  funeral. 

Bru.  You  shall,  Mark  Antony. 

Cas.  Brutus,  a  word  with  you. 

206   Sign'd  .  .  .  spoil:   'bearing    the    bloody    mark    of    thy    slaughter 
lethe:  death  (/)  212  this:  all  that  he  has  just  been  saying 

213  modesty:  moderation 
216  prick'd  in  number:  marked  in  the  list 
224  good  regard:  what  deserves  approbation 
228  Produce  :  carry  forth 
230  order:  course 


52  The  Tragedy  of 

[Aside  to  Brutus.']  You  know  not  what  you  do;  do  not 
consent  232 

jThat  Antony  speak  in  his  funeral: 
jKnow  you  how  much  the  people  may  be  mov'd 
i  By  that  which  he  will  utter  ? 

Bru.  By  your  pardon; 

I  will  myself  into  the  pulpit  first,  236 

And  show  the  reason  of  our  Caesar's  death: 
What  Antony  shall  speak,  I  will  protest 
He  speaks  by  leave  and  by  permission, 
And  that  we  are  contented  Caesar  shall  240 

Have  all  true  rites  and  lawful  ceremonies. 
It  shall  advantage  more  than  do  us  wrong. 

Cas.   I  know  not  what  may  fall ;  I  like  it  not. 

Bru.  Mark     Antony,     here,     take     you     Caesar's 
body.  244 

You  shall  not  in  your  funeral  speech  blame  us, 
But  speak  all  good  you  can  devise  of  Caesar, 
And  say  you  do  't  by  our  permission; 
Else  shall  you  not  have  any  hand  at  all  248 

About  his  funeral;  and  you  shall  speak 
In  the  same  pulpit  whereto  I  am  going, 
After  my  speech  is  ended. 

Ant.  Be  it  so; 

I  do  desire  no  more.  252 

Bru.  Prepare  the  body  then,  and  follow  us. 

Exeunt  all  but  Antony. 

Ant.  O  pardon  me.  thou  bleeding  piece  of  earth. 
That  I  am  meek  and  gentle  with  these  butchers : 
Thou  art  the  ruins  of  the  noblest  man  256 

That  ever  lived  in  the  tide  of  times. 
Woe  to  the  hand  that  shed  this  costly  blood ! 

235  By  ...  pardon:  par  don  me  a  moment,  and  I'll  explain 

238  protest:  announce 

257  tide  of  times:  ebb  and  flow  of  human  existence 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  i  53 

Over  thy  wounds  now  do  I  prophesy, — 

Which  like  dumb  mouths  do  ope  their  ruby  lips,       260 

To  beg  the  voice  and  utterance  of  my  tongue, — 

A  curse  shall  light  upon  the  limbs  of  men; 

Domestic  fury  and  fierce  civil  strife 

Shall  cumber  all  the  parts  of  Italy;  264 

Blood  and  destruction  shall  be  so  in  use, 

And  dreadful  objects  so  familiar, 

That  mothers  shall  but  smile  when  they  behold 

Their  infants  quarter'd  with  the  hands  of  war, — 

All  pity  chok'd  with  custom  of  fell  deeds ;  269 

And  Caesar's  spirit,  ranging  for  revenge, 

With  Ate  by  his  side  come  hot  from  hell, 

Shall  in  these  confines  with  a  monarch's  voice 

Cry  'Havoc!'  and  let  slip  the  dogs  of  war;  273 

That  this  foul  deed  shall  smell  above  the  earth 

With  carrion  men,  groaning  for  burial. 

Enter  Octavius'  Servant. 

You  serve  Octavius  Caesar,  do  you  not?  276 

Serv.   I  do,  Mark  Antony. 

Ant.  Caesar  did  write  for  him  to  come  to  Rome. 

Serv.  He  did  receive  his  letters,  and  is  coming; 
And  bid  me  say  to  you  by  word  of  mouth —  280 

[Seeing  the  body.] 
O  Caesar!— 

Ant.  Thy  heart  is  big,  get  thee  apart  and  weep. 
Passion vj  see,  is  catching^  for  mine  eyes, 
Seeing  those  beads  of  sorrow  stand  in  thine,  284 

Began  to  water.     Is  thy  master  coming? 

268  quarter'd:  hewn  into  pieces 

269  custom  .  .  .  deeds :  the  mere  frequency  of  cruel  actions 

271  Ate:  goddess  of  discord  272  confines:  regions 

27  Z  Havoc:  the  signal  for  killing  without  sparing  let  slip:  unleash 

dogs  of  war;  cf.  n.  274  That:  so  that 

275  With  rotting  corpses,  too  numerous  for  the  burial  that  they 

grievously  demand  283  Passion :  emotion 


The  Tragedy  of 


Serv.  He   lies    to-night   within    seven    leagues    of 

Rome. 
Ant.  Post  back  with  speed,  and  tell  him  what  hath 

chanc'd: 

Here  is  a  mourning  Rome,  a  dangerous  Rome,  288 

No  Rome  of  safety  for  Octavius  yet; 
Hie  hence  and  tell  him  so.     Yet,  stay  awhile; 
Thou  shalt  not  back  till  I  have  borne  this  corpse 
Into  the  market-place;  there  shall  I  try,  292 

In  my  oration,  how  the  people  take 
The  cruel  issue  of  these  bloody  men; 
According  to  the  which  thou  shalt  discourse 
To  young  Octavius  of  the  state  of  things.  296 

Lend  me  your  hand.        Exeunt  [with  Caesar's  body]. 

Scene  Two 
[The  Forum] 

Enter  Brutus  and   [presently]   goes  into  the  Pulpit, 
and  Cassius,  with  the  Plebeians. 

Plebeians.  We  will  be  satisfied:  let  us  be  satisfied. 

Bru.  Then    follow    me,    and    give    me    audience, 

friends. 

Cassius,  go  you  into  the  other  street, 
And  part  the  numbers.  4 

Those  that  will  hear  me  speak,  let  'em  stay  here; 
Those  that  will  follow  Cassius,  go  with  him; 
And  public  reasons  shall  be  rendered 
Of  Csesar's  death. 

First  Pie.  I  will  hear  Brutus  speak.  8 

Sec.  Pie.  I  will  hear   Cassius,   and  compare  their 
reasons, 

294  issue:  deed  295  the  which:  the  way  in  which  people  act 

4  And  divide  the  throng 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  ii  55 

When  severally  we  hear  them  rendered. 

[Exit  Cassius,  with  some  of  the  Plebeians. ,] 
Third  Pie.  The  noble  Brutus  is  ascended:  silence! 
Bru.  Be  patient  till  the  last.  12 

Romans,  countrymen,  and  lovers,  hear  me  for 
my  cause,  and  be  silent,  that  you  may  hear: 
believe  me  for  mine  honour,  and  have  respect  to 
mine  honour,  that  you  may  believe:  censure  me 
in  your  wisdom,  and  awake  your  senses,  that 
you  may  the  better  judge.  If  there  be  any  in  this 
assembly,  any  dear  friend  of  Caesar's,  to  him  I 
say,  that  Brutus'  love  to  Caesar  was  no  less  than  20 
his.  If  then  that  friend  demand  why  Brutus 
rose  against  Caesar,  this  is  my  answer:  Not  that 
I  loved  Caesar  less,  but  that  I  loved  Rome  more. 
Had  you  rather  Caesar  were  living,  and  die  all 
slaves,  than  that  Caesar  were  dead,  to  live  all  free 
men?  As  Caesar  loved  me,  I  weep  for  him;  as 
he  was  fortunate,  I  rejoice  at  it;  as  he  was 
valiant,  I  honour  him ;  but,  as  he  was  ambitious,  28 
I  slew  him.  There  is  tears,  for  his  love;  joy,  for 
his  fortune;  honour,  for  his  valour;  and  death, 
for  his  ambition.  Who  is  here  so  base  that 
would  be  a  bondman?  If  any,  speak;  for  him 
have  I  offended.  Who  is  here  so  rude  that  33 
would  not  be  a  Roman?  If  any,  speak;  for  him 
have  I  offended.  Who  is  here  so  vile  that  will 
not  love  his  country?  If  any,  speak;  for  him 
have  I  offended.  I  pause  for  a  reply.  37 

All.  None,  Brutus,  none. 

Bru.  Then  none  have  I  offended.  I  have 
done  no  more  to  Caesar,  than  you  shall  do  to 
Brutus.  The  question  of  his  death  is  enrolled 

12  Give  me  a  patient  hearing,  till  I  finish  33  rude:  uncivilized 

41  question  of:  official  inquest  into         enrolled:  recorded 


The  Tragedy  of 


in  the  Capitol;  his  glory  not  extenuated,  where- 
in he  was  worthy,  nor  his  offences  enforced,  for 
which  he  suffered  death.  44 

Enter  Mark  Antony,  with  Ccesar's  body. 
Here  comes  his  body,  mourned  by  Mark  Antony: 
who,  though  he  had  no  hand  in  his  death,  shall 
receive  the  benefit  of  his  dying,  a  place  in  the 
commonwealth;  as  which  of  you  shall  not? 
With  this  I  depart:  that,  as  I  slew  my  best  lover 
for  the  good  of  Rome,  I  have  the  same  dagger 
for  myself,  when  it  shall  please  my  country  to 
need  my  death.  52 

All.  Live,  Brutus  !  live  !  live  ! 
First  Pie.  Bring  him  with  triumph  home  unto  his 

house. 

Sec.  Pie.  Give  him  a  statue  with  his  ancestors. 
Third  Pie.  Let  him  be  Caesar. 

Fourth  Pie.  Caesar's  better  parts 

Shall  be  crown'd  in  Brutus.  57 

First  Pie.  We'll  bring  him  to  his  house  with  shouts 

and  clamours. 
Bru.  My  countrymen,  — 

Sec.  Pie.  Peace  !  silence  !  Brutus  speaks. 

First  Pie.  Peace,  ho  !  60 

Bru.  Good  countrymen,  let  me  depart  alone, 
And,  for  my  sake,  stay  here  with  Antony. 
Do  grace  to  Caesar's  corpse,  and  grace  his  speech 
Tending  to  Caesar's  glories,  which  Mark  Antony, 
By  our  permission,  is  allow'd  to  make.  65 

.    I  do  entreat  you,  not  a  man  depart, 

>Save  I  alone,  till  Antony  have  spoke.  Exit. 

^  First  Pie.  Stay,   ho!    and   let   us   hear    Mark   An- 

tony. 68 

42  extenuated:  belittled  43  enforced:  unduly  stressed,  strained 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  ii  57 

Third  Pie.  Let  him  go  up  into  the  public  chair; 
We'll  hear  him.     Noble  Antony,  go  up. 

Ant.  For  Brutus'  sake,  I  am  beholding  to  you. 

[Goes  up."\ 

Fourth  Pie.  What  does  he  say  of  Brutus? 

Third  Pie.  He  says,  for  Brutus'  sake, 

He  finds  himself  beholding  to  us  all.  73 

Fourth  Pie.  'Twere    best    he    speak    no    harm    of 
Brutus  here. 

First  Pie.  This  Caesar  was  a  tyrant. 

Third  Pie.  Nay,  that's  certain : 

We  are  bless'd  that  Rome  is  rid  of  him.  76 

Sec.  Pie.  Peace !  let  us  hear  what  Antony  can  say. 

Ant.  You  gentle  Romans, — 

All.  Peace,  ho!  let  us  hear  him. 

Ant.  Friends,  Romans,  countrymen,  lend  me  your 

ears; 

I  come  to  bury  Caesar,  not  to  praise  him.  80 

The  evil  that  men  do  lives  after  them, 
The  good  is  oft  interred  with  their  bones ; 
So  let  it  be  with  Csesar.     The  noble  Brutus 
Hath  told  you  Caesar  was  ambitious ;  84 

If  it  were  so,  it  was  a  grievous  fault, 
And  grievously  hath  Caesar  answer'd  it. 
Here,  under  leave  of  Brutus  and  the  rest, — 
For  Brutus  is  an  honourable  man;  88 

So  are  they  all,  all  honourable  men, — 
Come  I  to  speak  in  Caesar's  funeral. 
He  was  my  friend,  faithful  and  just  to  me: 
But  Brutus  says  he  was  ambitious ;  92 

And  Brutus  is  an  honourable  man. 
He  hath  brought  many  captives  home  to  Rome, 
Whose  ransoms  did  the  general  coffers  fill: 

71  beholding:  indebted  86  answer'd:  atoned  for 

95  general  coffers:  public  treasury 


5S  The  Tragedy  of 

Did  this  in  Caesar  seem  ambitious?  96 

When  that  the  poor  have  cried,  Caesar  hath  wept ; 

Ambition  should  be  made  of  sterner  stuff: 

Yet  Brutus  says  he  was  ambitious; 

And  Brutus  is  an  honourable  man.  100 

You  all  did  see  that  on  the  Lupercal 

I  thrice  presented  him  a  kingly  crown, 

Which  he  did  thrice  refuse:  was  this  ambition: 

Yet  Brutus  says  he  was  ambitious;  104 

And,  sure,  he  is  an  honourable  man. 

I  speak  not  to  disprove  what  Brutus  spoke, 

But  here  I  am  to  speak  what  I  do  know. 

You  all  did  love  him  once,  not  without  cause :  los 

What  cause  withholds  you  then  to  mourn  for  him  ? 

0  judgment,  thou  art  fled  to  brutish  beasts, 
And  men  have  lost  their  reason.    Bear  with  me ; 

My  heart  is  in  the  coffin  there  with  Caesar,  112 

And  I  must  pause  till  it  come  back  to  me. 

First  Pie.  Methinks   there   is   much   reason   in   his 
sayings. 

Sec.  Pie.  If  thou  consider  rightly  of  the  matter. 
Caesar  has  had  great  wrong. 

Third  Pie.  Has  he,  masters?     116 

1  fear  there  will  a  worse  come  in  his  place. 
FcmrthPle.  Mark'd  ye  his  words?     He  would  not 

take  the  crown; 
Therefore  'tis  certain  he  was  not  ambitious. 

Fir  ft  Pie.  If  it  be  found  so,  some  will  dear  abide 

it.  120 

Sec.  Pie.  Poor  soul,  his  eyes  are  red  as  fire  with 

weeping. 
Third  Pie.  There's  not  a  nobler  man  in  Rome  than 

Antony. 

101  on  the  Lapercal:  on  the  day  of  the  Lupercalia 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  ii 


Fourth  Pie.  Now   mark   him;    he   begins    again    to 
speak. 

Ant.  But  yesterday  the  word  of  Caesar  might        124 
Have  stood  against  the  world;  now  lies  he  there, 
And  none  so  poor  to  do  him  reverence. 

0  masters,,  if  I  were  dispos'd  to  stir 

Your  hearts  and  minds  to  mutiny  and  rage,  128 

1  should  do  Brutus  wrong,  and  Cassius  wrong, 
Who.  you  all  know,  are  honourable  men. 

I  will  not  do  them  wrong;  I  rather  choose 

To  wrong  the  dead,  to  wrong  myself,  and  you,       132 

Than  I  will  wrong  such  honourable  men. 

But  here's  a  parchment  with  the  seal  of  Caesar; 

I  found  it  in  his  closet  ;  'tis  his  will. 

Let  but  the  commons  hear  this  testament  —  136 

Which,  pardon  me,  I  do  not  mean  to  read  — 

And  they  would  go  and  kiss  dead  Caesar's  wounds, 

And  dip  their  napkins  in  his  sacred  blood, 

Yea,  beg  a  hair  of  him  for  memory,  140 

And,  dying,  mention  it  within  their  wills, 

Bequeathing  it  as  a  rich  legacy 

Unto  their  issue. 

Fourth  Pie.  We'll    hear    the    will:    read    it,    Mark 
Antony.  144 

All.  The  will,  the  will!  we  will  hear  Caesar's  will! 

Ant.  Have   patience,   gentle    friends;    I    must   not 

read  it: 

It  is  not  meet  you  know  how  Caesar  lov'd  you. 
You  are  not  wood,  you  are  not  stones,  but  men: 
And,  being  men,  hearing  the  will  of  Caesar,  149 

It  will  inflame  you,  it  will  make  you  mad. 

124,  125  word  .  .  .  world:  his  bare  assertion  would  have  carried  his 

point  against  the  world 

126  And  there  are  none  so  humble  as  to  show  him  any  respect 
136  commons:  common  people 
139  napkins:  handkerchiefs 


The  Tragedy  of 


'Tis  good  you  know  not  that  you  are  his  heirs  ; 
For  if  you  should,  O  what  would  come  of  it? 

Fourth  Pie.  Read    the    will  !    well    hear    it,    An- 
tony ;  153 

You  shall  read  us  the  will,  Caesar's  will. 

Ant.  Will  you  be  patient?     Will  you  stay  awhile? 
I  have  o'ershot  myself  to  tell  you  of  it.  156 

I  fear  I  wrong  the  honourable  men 
Whose  daggers  have  stabb'd  Caesar;  I  do  fear  it. 

Fourth  Pie.  Xbey  were^  traitors  :  honourable  men  ! 

All.  The  will!  the  testament!  160 

Sec.  Pie.  They  were  villains,  murderers.    The  will  ! 
read  the  will. 

Ant.  You  will  compel  me  then  to  read  the  will? 
Then  make  a  ring  about  the  corpse  of  Caesar, 
And  let  me  show  you  him  that  made  the  will.  164 

Shall  I  descend?    And  will  you  give  me  leave? 

All.  Come  down. 

Sec.  Pie.  Descend. 

Third  Pie.  You  shall  have  leave.  168 

Fourth  Pie.  A  ring;  stand  round. 

First  Pie.  Stand  from  the  hearse  ;  stand  from  the 
body.  [Antony  comes  down.] 

Sec.  Pie.  Room  for  Antony,  most  noble  Antony. 

Ant.  Nay,  press  not  so  upon  me;  stand  far  off.     172 

All.  Stand  back!  room!  bear  back! 

Ant.  If  you  have  tears,  prepare  to  shed  them  now. 
You  all  do  know  this  mantle:  I  remember 
The  first  time  ever  Caesar  put  it  on;  176 

'Twas  on  a  summer's  evening,  in  his  tent, 
That  day  he  overcame  the  Nervii. 
Look,  in  this  place  ran  Cassius'  dagger  through: 
See  what  a  rent  the  envious  Casca  made:  180 

178  That  day:  on  the  day  on  which;  cf.  n. 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  ii  61 

Through  this  the  well-beloved  Brutus  stabb'd; 

And,  as  he  pluck'd  his  cursed  steel  away, 

Mark  how  the  blood  of  Caesar  follow'd  it, 

As  rushing  out  of  doors,  to  be  resolv'd  184 

If  Brutus  so  unkindly  knock'd  or  no; 

For  Brutus,  as  you  know,  was  Caesar's  angel: 

Judge,  O  you  gods,  how  dearly  Caesar  lov'd  him. 

l^his  was  the  most  unkindest  cut  of  all:  188 

For  when  the  noble  Caesar  saw  him  stab, 

Ingratitude,  more  strong  than  traitors'  arms, 

Quite  vanquish'd  him :  then  burst  his  mighty  heart ; 

And,  in  his  mantle  muffling  up  his  face,  192 

Even  at  the  base  of  Pompey's  statue, 

Which  all  the  while  ran  blood,  great  Caesar  fell. 

O,  what  a  fall  was  there,  my  countrymen ! 

Then  I,  and  you,  and  all  of  us  fell  down,  196 

Whilst  bloody  treason  flourish'd  over  us. 

O  now  you  weep,  and  I  perceive  you  feel 

The  dint  of  pity;  these  are  gracious  drops. 

Kind  souls,  what,  weep  you  when  you  but  behold     200 

Our  Caesar's  vesture  wounded?     Look  you  here, 

Here  is  himself,  marr'd,  as  you  see,  with  traitors. 

First  Pie.  O  piteous  spectacle ! 

Sec.  Pie.  O  noble  Caesar!  204 

Third  Pie.  O  woeful  day ! 

Fourth  Pie.  O  traitors  !  villains  ! 

First  Pie.  O  most  bloody  sight! 

Sec.  Pie.  We  will  be  revenged.  208 

[All.]   Revenge !— About !— Seek !— Burn ! 
i    Fire !— Kill !— Slay !     Let  not  a  traitor  live ! 

Ant.  Stay,  countrymen, — 

First  Pie.  Peace  there !    Hear  the  noble  Antony. 

186  angel:  dear  as  his  guardian  spirit 
199  dint:  impression 


The  Tragedy  of 


Sec.  Pie.  We'll  hear  him,  we'll   follow  him,  well 
die  with  him!  213 

Ant.  Good  friends,  sweet  friends,  let  me  not  stir 

you  up 

To  such  a  sudden  flood  of  jnutiny. 
They  that  have  done  this  deed  are  honourable: 
What  private  griefs  they  have,  alas,  I  know  not,     217 
That  made  them  do  it;  they  are  wise  and  honourable, 
And  will,  no  doubt,  with  reasons  answer  you. 
I  come  not,  friends,  to  steal  away  your  hearts  : 
I  am  no  orator,  as  Brutus  is  ;  221 

But,  as  you  know  me  all,  a  plain  blunt  man, 
That  love  my  friend;  and  that  they  know  full  well 
That  gave  me  public  leave  to  speak  of  him. 
For  I  have  neither  wit,  nor  words,  nor  worth,          225 
Action,  nor  utterance,  nor  the  power  of  speech, 
To  stir  men's  blood:  I  only  speak  right  on; 
I  tell  you  that  which  you  yourselves  do  know, 
Show  you   sweet   Caesar's   wounds,   poor   poor   dumb 
mouths,  229 

And  bid  them  speak  for  me:  but  were  I  Brutus, 
And  Brutus  Antony,  there  were  an  Antony 
Would  ruffle  up  your  spirits,  and  put  a  tongue 
In  every  wound  of  Caesar,  that  should  move  233 

The  stones  of  Rome  to  rise  and  mutiny. 

All.  We'll  mutiny. 

First  Pie.  Well  burn  the  house  of  Brutus. 

Third  Pie.  Away,    then  !       Come,    seek    the    con- 
spirators. 237 

Ant.  Yet  hear  me,  countrymen;  yet  hear  me  speak. 

All.  Peace,    ho!  —  Hear    Antony,    most   noble    An- 
tony! 

226  Action,  nor  utterance:  orator's  powers  of  gesticulation  and  elo- 
cution 

227  right  on:  with  simple  straightforwardness  232  ruffle  :  stir 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  ii  63 

Ant.  Why,   friends,  you   go  to  do  you  know   not 
what.  240 

Wherein  hath  Caesar  thus  deserv'd  your  loves? 
Alas,  you  know  not:  I  must  tell  you  then. 
You  have  forgot  the  will  I  told  you  of. 

All.  Most  true.     The  will!     Let's  stay  and  hear 
the  will.  244 

Ant.  Here  is  the  will,  and  under  Caesar's  seal. 
To  every  Roman  citizen  he  gives, 
To  every  several  man,  seventy-five  drachmas. 

Sec.  Pie.  Most   noble    Caesar !      We'll   revenge   his 
death.  248 

Third  Pie.  O  royal  Caesar ! 

Ant.  Hear  me  with  patience. 

All.  Peace,  ho! 

Ant.  Moreover,  he  hath  left  you  all  his  walks,      252 
His  private  arbours,  and  new-planted  orchards, 
On  this  side  Tiber ;  he  hath  left  them  you, 
And  to  your  heirs  for  ever;  common  pleasures, 
To  walk  abroad  and  recreate  yourselves.  256 

Ifore  wag^a  Caesar!     When  comes  such  another? 

First  Pie.  Never,  never!     Come,  away,  away ! 
We'll  burn  his  body  in  the  holy  place, 
And  with  the  brands  fire  the  traitors'  houses. 
Take  up  the  body.  261 

Sec.  Pie.  Go  fetch  fire. 

Third  Pie.  Pluck  down  benches. 

Fourth  Pie.  Pluck     down     forms,     windows,     any- 
thing. Exeunt  Plebeians  [with  the  body]. 

Ant.  Now  let  it  work:  mischief,  thou  art  afoot;    265 
Take  thou  what  course  thou  wilt!  "^ 

Enter  Servant. 

247  drachmas:  Greek  coins;  cf.  n.  254  this;  cf.  n. 

255  pleasures:  pleasure-grounds  (in  which)  264  forms:  long  seats 


64  _  The  Tragedy  of 

How  now,  fellow  ! 

Serv.  Sir,  Octavius  is  already  come  to  Rome. 

Ant.  Where  is  he?  268 

Serv.  He  and  Lepidus  are  at  Caesar's  house. 

Ant.  And  thither  will  I  straight  to  visit  him. 
He  comes  upon  a  wish.     Fortune  is  merry, 
And,  in  this  mood  will  give  us  anything.  272 

Serv.   I  heard  him  say  Brutus  and  Cassius 
Are  rid  like  madmen  through  the  gates  of  Rome. 

Ant.  Belike  theryhad  some  notice  of  jthej3£o.ple,  275 
How  I  had  mov'dthem.     Bring  me  to  Octavius. 

Exeunt. 


Scene  Three 

[A  Street] 

Enter  Cinna,  the  Poet,  and  after  him  the  Plebeians. 

Cin.   I  dreamt  to-night  that  I  did  feast  with  Caesar, 
And  things  unluckily  charge  my  fantasy: 

1  have  no  will  to  wander  forth  of  doors, 

Yet  something  leads  me  forth.  4 

First  Pie.  What  is  your  name  ? 
Sec.  Pie.  Whither  are  you  going? 
Third  Pie.  Where  do  you  dwell? 
Fourth  Pie.  Are    you    a    married    man,    or    a 
bachelor  ?  9 

Sec.  Pie.  Answer  every  man  directly. 
First  Pie.  Ay,  and  briefly. 

Fourth  Pie.  Ay,  and  wisely.  12 

Third  Pie.  Ay,  and  truly,  you  were  best. 
Cin.  What    is    my    name?       Whither     am     I 

271  upon  a  wish:  as  if  at  my  wish 

2  unluckily  .  .  .  fantasy:  weigh  upon  my  fancy  ominously 
13  you  were  best:  it  would  be  best  for  you 


Julius  Ccesar,  III.  in  65 

going?  Where  do  I  dwell?  Am  I  a  married 
man,  or  a  bachelor?  Then,  to  answer  every 
man  directly  and  briefly,  wisely  and  truly: 
wisely  I  say,  I  am  a  bachelor.  18 

Sec.  Pie.  That's  as  much  as  to  say,  they  are 
fools  that  marry;  you'll  bear  me  a  bang  for 
that,  I  fear.  Proceed;  directly.  21 

Cin.  Directly,  I  am  going  to  Caesar's  funeral. 

First  Pie.  As  a  friend  or  an  enemy  ? 

Cin.  As  a  friend.  24 

Sec.  Pie.  That  matter  is  answered  directly. 

Fourth  Pie.  For  your  dwelling,  briefly  ? 

Cin.  Briefly,  I  dwell  by  the  Capitol. 

Third  Pie.  Your  name,  sir,  truly?  28 

Cin.  Truly,  my  name  is  Cinna. 

Sec.  Pie.  Tear  him  to  pieces ;  he's  a  con- 
spirator ! 

Cin.  I  am  Cinna  the  poet,  I  am  Cinna  the 
poet !  33 

Fourth  Pie.  Tear  him  for  his  bad  verses,  tear 
him  for  his  bad  verses ! 

Cin.  I  am  not  Cinna  the  conspirator ! 

Sec.  Pie.  It  is  no  matter,  his  name's  Cinna ; 
pluck  but  his  name  out  of  his  heart,  and  turn 
him  going.  39 

Third  Pie.  Tear  him,  tear  him !  Come, 
brands,  ho !  Firebrands  !  To  Brutus',  to  Cassius'  ; 
burn  all.  Some  to  Decius'  house,  and  some  to 
Casca's ;  some  to  Ligarius'.  Away !  Go !  43 

Exeunt  all  the  Plebeians. 

20  bear  me  a  bang:  get  a  blow  from  me 
26  For:  now  for 


66 The  Tragedy  of 

ACT  FOURTH 

Scene  One 

% 
[A  Room  in  Antony's  House] 

Antony,  Octavius,  and  Lepidus   [seated  at  a  table"]. 

Ant.  These  many  then  shall  die;  their  names  are 
prick'd. 

Oct.  Your    brother    too    must    die;    consent    you, 
Lepidus  ? 

Lep.  I  do  consent. 

Oct.  Prick  him  down,  Antony. 

Lep.  Upon  condition  Publius  shall  not  live,  4 

Who  is  your  sister's  son,  Mark  Antony. 

Ant.  He  shall  not  live;  look,  with  a  spot  I  damn 

him. 

But,  Lepidus,  go  you  to  Caesar's  house ; 
Fetch  the  will  hither,  and  we  shall  determine  8 

How  to  cut  off  some  charge  in  legacies. 

Lep.  What,  shall  I  find  you  here? 

Oct.  Or  here  or  at  the  Capitol.  Exit  Lepidus. 

Ant.  This  is  a  slight  unmeritable  man,  12 

Meet  to  be  sent  on  errands :  is  it  fit, 
The  three-fold  world  divided,  he  should  stand 
One  of  the  three  to  share  it? 

Oct.  So  you  thought  him; 

And  took  his  voice  who  should  be  prick'd  to  die,       16 
In  our  black  sentence  and  proscription. 

Ant.  Octavius,  I  have  seen  more  days  than  you: 

6  with  .  .  .  him:  by  a  mark  'pricked'  opposite  his  name,  I  condemn 

him 

9  cut  .  .  .  charge:  reduce  some  expenditures  (by  killing  the  legatees') 
12  unmeritable:  without  merit 

14  The  .  .  .  divided:  if  the  world  is  to  be  divided  into  three  parts 
17  In  the  black  sentence  of  our  proscription 


Julius  Ccesar,  IV.  i  67 

And  though  we  lay  these  honours  on  this  man, 

To  ease  ourselves  of  divers  slanderous  loads,  20 

He  shall  but  bear  them  as  the  ass  bears  gold, 

To  groan  and  sweat  under  the  business, 

Either  led  or  driven,  as  we  point  the  way; 

And  having  brought  our  treasure  where  we  will,       24 

Then  take  we  down  his  load,  and  turn  him  off, 

Like  to  the  empty  ass,  to  shake  his  ears, 

And  graze  in  commons. 

Oct.  You  may  do  your  will; 

But  he's  a  tried  and  valiant  soldier.  28 

Ant.  So  is  my  horse,  Octavius;  and  for  that 
I  do  appoint  him  store  of  provender. 
It  is  a  creature  that  I  teach  to  fight, 
To  wind,  to  stop,  to  run  directly  on,  32 

His_corporal  motion ^govern'd  by  my  spirit. 
And,  in  some  taste?  isSLe.pighlft  hni.  so; 
He  must  be  taught,  and  train'd,  and  bid  go  forth; 
A  barren-spirited  fellow;  one  that  feeds  36 

On  objects,  arts,  and  imitations 
Which,  out  of  use  and  stal'd  by  other  men, 
Begin  his  fashion:  do  not  talk  of  him 
But  as  a  property.     And  now,  Octavius,  40 

Listen  great  things:  Brutus  and  Cassius 
Axejeyying  powers ;  we  must  straight  make  head; 
Therefore  let  our  alliance  be  combined, 
Our  best/  friends/made,  and  our  best  means  stretch'd 


nas/m, 


out ;  (  44 

26  empty:  unladen,  worthless  27  commons:  public  pasture 

30  appoint:  assign  32  wind:  turn 

34  taste:  measure,  degree  36  barren-spirited:  lacking  initiative 

37  objects:  objects  of  interest,  in  general;  cf.  n.  arts:  works  of  art; 
cf.  n.          imitations:  conventional  forms,  empty  counterfeits 

38  stal'd:  outworn,  made  stale 

39  Begin  his  fashion:  are  to  him  the  height  of  fashion 

40  property:  instrument,  tool  41  Listen:  hear 

42  powers :  armed  forces         make  head :  raise  an  army 

43  combin'd:  confirmed 

44  made:  made  sure         stretch'd  out:  strained  to  the  utmost 


68  The  Tragedy  of 

And  let  us  presently  go  sit  in  council, 
How  covert  matters  may  be  best  disclos'd, 
And  open  perils  surest  answered. 

Oct.  Let  us  do  so:  for  we  are  at  the  stake,  48 

And  bay'd  about  with  many  enemies; 
And  some  that  smile  have  in  their  hearts,  I  fear, 
Millions  of  mischiefs.  Exeunt. 


Scene  Two 
[Camp  near  Sardis.     Before  Brutus'  Tent\ 

Drum.     Enter  Brutus,   Lucilius,    [Lucius,]    and   the 
Army.     Titinius  and  Pindarus  meet  them. 

Bru.  Stand,  ho ! 

Lucil.  Give  the  word,  ho!  and  stand! 

Bru.  What  now,  Lucilius !  is  Cassius  near  ? 

Lucil.  He  is  at  hand;  and  Pindarus  is  come  4 

To  do  you  salutation  from  his  master. 

Bru.  He  greets  me  well.     Your  master,  Pindarus, 
In  his  own  change,  or  by  ill  officers, 
Hath  given  me  some  worthy  cause  to  wish  8 

Things  done,  undone;  but,  if  he  be  at  hand, 
I  shall  be  satisfied. 

Pin.  I  do  not  doubt 

But  that  my  noble  master  will  appear 
Such  as  he  is,  full  of  regard  and  honour.  12 

Bru.  He  is  not  doubted.     A  word,  Lucilius; 
How  he  receiv'd  you,  let  me  be  resolv'd. 

Lucil.  With  courtesy  and  with  respect  enough; 

46  covert:  hidden         disclos'd:  discovered 

47  answered :  faced,  met  48,  49  Cf.  n. 
1  Stand:  halt                              2  Give  the  word:  pass  along  the  command 
7  Owing  to  a  change  in  himself,  or  through  misconduct  of  subordi- 
nates                          12  full  .  .  .  honour:  worthy  of  honorable  regard 


JuliusCcesar,IV.ii  69 

JBut  not  with  such  familiar  instances,  16 

(Nor  with  such  free  and  friendly  conference, 
I  As  he  hath  us'd  of  old. 

Bru.  Thou  hast  described 

A  hot  friend  cooling.     Ever  note,  Lucilius, 
When  love  begins  to  sicken  and  decay,  20 

It  useth  an  enforced  ceremony. 
There  are  no  tricks  in  plain  and  simple  faith; 
But  hollow  men,  like  horses  hot  at  hand, 
Make  gallant  show  and  promise  of  their  mettle;       24 
But  when  they  should  endure  the  bloody  spur, 
They  fall  their  crests,  and,  like  deceitful  jades, 
Sink  in  the  trial.     Comes  his  army  on? 

Lucil.  They    mean    this    night    in    Sardis    to    be 
quartered ;  28 

The  greater  part,  the  horse  in  general, 
Are  come  with  Cassius. 

Bru.  Hark!  he  is  arriv'd. 

Low  march  within. 
March  gently  on  to  meet  him. 

Enter  Cassius  and  his  Powers. 

Cas.  Stand,  ho!  32 

Bru.  Stand,  ho!     Speak  the  word  along. 
[First  Officer.]   Stand! 
[Sec.  Officer.]    Stand! 

[Third  Officer.]   Stand!  36 

Cas.  Most  noble  brother,  you  have  done  me  wrong. 
Bru.  Judge  me,  you  gods  !    Wrong  I  mine  enemies  ? 
And,  if  not  so,  how  should  I  wrong  a  brother? 

16  familiar  instances:  marks  of  familiarity 

23  hollow:  insincere           hot  at  hand:  fiery  at  the  start,  only 

26  fall:  let  fall,  lower        jades:  worthless  nags 

27  Sink  .  .  .  trial:  fail  in  the  pinch 
29  the  horse  in  general :  all  the  cavalry 
31  gently:  slowly 


The  Tragedy  of 


Cas.  Brutus,    this     sober     form    of    yours    hides 
wrongs  ;  40 

And  when  you  do  them  — 

Bru.  Cassius,  be  content; 

Speak  your  griefs  softly:  I  do  know  you  well. 
Before  the  eyes  of  both  our  armies  here, 
Which  should  perceive  nothing  jjutjogsj^m^  us  ,      44 
LsLus  not  wrangle:  bid  them  move  away; 
Then  in  my  tent,  Cassius,  enlarge  your  griefs, 
And  I  will  give  you  audience. 

Cas.  Pindarus, 

Bid  our  commanders  lead  their  charges  off  48 

A  little  from  this  ground. 

Bru.  Lucilius,  do  you  the  like  ;  and  let  no  man 
Come  to  our  tent  till  we  have  done  our  conference. 
Let  Lucius  and  Titinius  guard  our  door.  52 

Exeunt. 


Scene  Three 

[Within  the  Tent  of  Brutus] 
[Enter]   Brutus  and  Cassius. 

Cas.  That  you  have  wrong'd  me  doth   appear  in 

this: 

You  have  condemned  and  noted  Lucius  Pella 
For  taking  bribes  here  of  the  Sardians; 
Wherein  my  letters,  praying  on  his  side,  4 

Because  I  knew  the  man,  were  slighted  off. 

Bru.  You  wrong'd  yourself  to  write  in  such  a  case. 

Cas.  In  such  a  time  as  this  it  is  not  meet 

40  sober  form:  calm  behavior  42  softly:  gently 

46  enlarge :  set  forth  fully  Scene  Three  S.  d. ;  cf.  n. 

2  noted:  stigmatised                   4  praying  .  .  .  side:  interceding  for  him 
5  slighted  off :  tossed  slightingly  aside 


Julius  Ccesar,  IV.  Hi 


That  every  nice  offence  should  bear  his  comment.       8 

Bru.  Let  me  tell  you,  Cassius,  you  yourself 
Are  much  condemned  to  have  an  itching  palm; 
To  sell  and  mart  your  offices  for  gold 
T  qjindeservers  . 

Cas.  I  an  itching  palm!  12 

You  know  that  you  are  Brutus  that  speaks  this, 
Or,  by  the  gods,  this  speech  were  else  your  last. 

Bru.  The  name  of  Cassius  honours  this  corruption, 
And  chastisement  doth  therefore  hide  his  head. 

Cas.  Chastisement!  17 

Bru.  Remember  March,  the  ides  of  March  remem- 

ber: 

Did  not  great  Julius  bleed  for  justice*  sake? 
What  villain  touch'  d  his  body,  that  did  stab,  20 

And  not  for  justice?     What!  shall  one  of  us,    , 
That  struck  the  foremost  man  of  all  this  world 
But  for  supporting  robbers,  shall  we  now 
Contaminate  our  fingers  with  base  bribes,  24 

And  sell  the  mighty  space  of  our  large  honours 
For  so  much  trash  as  may  be  grasped  thus? 
I  had  rather  be  a  dog,  and  bay  the  moon, 
Than  such  a  Roman. 

Cas.  Brutus,  bay  not  me;    (J/y        28 

I'll  not  endure  it:  you  forget  yourself, 
To  hedge  me  in.     I  am  a  soldier,  I, 
Older  in  practice,  abler  than  yourself 
To  make  conditions. 

Bru.  Go  to;  you  are  not,  Cassius.     32 

8  nice:  trivial         bear  .  .  .  comment:  be  censured 

10  condemn'd  to  have:  blamed  for  having  11  mart:  market 

15  honours  .  .  =  corruption  :  sanctions  this  corrupt  practice 
20,  21  What  .  .  .  justice;  cf.  n. 
23  robbers:  his  dishonest  favorites 

25,  26  Cf.  n.  27  bay:  bark  at 

28  Cf.  n.  31  practice  :  experience 

32  make  conditions:  determine  the  proper  treatment  of  subordinates 
(referring  to  lines  1-5)          Go  to  :  Nonsense  ! 


72  The  Tragedy  of 

Cas.  I  am. 

Bru.  I  say  you  are  not. 

Cas.  Urge  me  no  more,  I  shall  forget  myself; 
Have    mind   upon    your    health;    tempt    me    no    fur- 
ther. 36 

Bru.  Away,  slight  man ! 

Cas.  Is  't  possible? 

Bru.  Hear  me,  for  I  will  speak. 

Must  I  give  way  and  room  to  your  rash  choler? 
Shall  I  be  frighted  when  a  madman  stares?  40 

Cas.  O  ye  gods,  ye  gods !     Must  I  endure  all  this  ? 

Bru.  All  this!  ay,  more:  fret  till  your  proud  heart 

break ; 

Go  show  your  slaves  how  choleric  you  are, 
And  make  your  bondmen  tremble.     Must  I  budge  ?     44 
Must  I  observe  you  ?    Must  I  stand  and  crouch 
Under  your  testy  humour?     By  the  gods, 
You  shall  digest  the  venom  of  your  spleen, 
Though  it  do  split  you;  for,  from  this  day  forth,     48 
I'll  use  you  for  my  mirth,  yea,  for  my  laughter, 
When  you  are  waspish. 

Cas.  Is  it  come  to  this? 

Bru.  You  say  you  are  a  better  soldier: 
Let  it  appear  so;  make  your  vaunting  true,  52 

And  it  shall  please  me  well.     For  mine  own  part, 
I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  of  noble  men. 

Cas.  You   wrong  me   every  way;   you  wrong  me, 

Brutus ; 

I  said  an  elder  soldier,  not  a  better:  56 

Did  I  say,  'better'  ? 

Bru.  If  you  did,  I  care  not. 

Cas.  When   Caesar   liv'd,   he   durst   not   thus   have 
mov'd  me. 

36  Have  .  .  .  health:  have  regard  for  your  safety 

44  budge  '.flinch  45  observe:  pay  humble  reverence  to 


Julius  Ccesar,  IV.  Hi  73 

Bru.  Peace,  peace!  you  durst  not  so  have  tempted 
him. 

Cas.  I  durst  not?  60 

Bru.  No. 

Cas.  What,  durst  not  tempt  him? 

Bru.  For  your  life  you  durst  not. 

Cas.  Do  not  presume  too  much  upon  my  love;    . 
I  may  do  that  I  shall  be  sorry  Tor.  64 

Bru.  You  have  done  that  you  should  be  sorry  for. 
There  is  no  terror,  Cassius,  in  your  threats ; 
EOT  I  am  arm'd  so  strong  in  honesty  •, 

That  they  pass  by  me  as  the  idle  wind,  68 

Which  I  respect  not.     I  did  send  to  you 
For  certain  sums  of  gold,  which  you  denied  me; 
For  I  can  raise  no  money  by  vile  means: 
By  heaven,  I  had  rather  coin  my  heart,  72 

And  drop  my  blood  for  drachmas,  than  to  wring 
From  the  hard  hands  of  peasants  their  vile  trash 
By  any  indirection.     I  did  send 

To  you  for  gold  to  pay  my  legions,  76 

Which  you  denied  me:  was  that  done  like  Cassius? 
Should  I  have  answer'd  Caius  Cassius  so? 
/  When  Marcus  Brutus  grows  so  covetous, 
"To  lock  such  rascal  counters  from  his  friends,         80 
Be  ready,  gods,  with  all  your  thunderbolts ; 
Dash  him  to  pieces !  ^ 

Cas.  I  denied  you  not. 

Bru.  You  did. 

Cas.  I  did  not:  he  was  but  a  fool 

That  brought  my   answer  back.      Brutus   hath  riv'd 
my  heart.  ^        84 

A  friend  should  bear  his  friend's  infirmities,    ' 

69  respect:  heed 

75  indirection:  dishonesty,  crooked  dealing 

80  rascal  counters:  worthless  pelf  84  riv'd:  cleft 


74  THe  Tragedy  of 

But  Brutus  makes  mine  greater  than  they  are. 

Bru.  I  do  not,  till  you  practise  them  on  me. 

Cas.  You  love  me  not. 

Bru.  I  do  not  like  your  faults.     88 

Cas.  A  friendly  eye  could  never  see  such  faults. 

Bru.  A  flatterer's  would  not,  though  they  do  appear 
As  huge  as  high  Olympus. 

X<*   Cas.  Come,  Antony,  and  young  Octavius,  come,    92 
Revenge  yourselves  alone  on  Cassius, 
For  Cassius  is  aweary  of  the  world; 
Hated  by  one  he  loves ;  brav'd  by  his  brother ; 
Check'd  like  a  bondman;  all  his  faults  observed,        96 
Set  in  a  note-book,  learn'd,  and  conn'd  by  rote, 
To  cast  into  my  teeth.    O,  I  could  weep 
My  spirit  from  mine  eyes.    There  is  my  dagger, 
And  here  my  naked  breast;  within,  a  heart  100 

Dearer  than  Pluto's  mine,  richer  than  gold: 
If  that  thou  be'st  a  Roman,  take  it  forth; 
I,  that  denied  thee  gold,  will  give  my  heart: 
Strike,  as  thou  didst  at  Caesar;  for,  I  know,  104 

When  thou  didst  hate  him  worst,  thou  lov'dst  him 

better 
Than  ever  thou  lov'dst  Cassius. 

Bru.  Sheathe  your  dagger: 

Be  angry  when  you  will,  it  shall  have  scope; 
Do  what  you  will,  dishonour  shall  be  humour.         108 
O  Cassius,  you  are  yoked  with  a  lamb 
That  carries  anger  as  the  flint  bears  fire, 
Who,  much  enforced,  shows  a  hasty  spark, 
And  straight  is  cold  again. 

95  brav'd:  blusteringly  taunted  96  Check'd:  scolded 

97  learn'd  .  .  .  rote:  studied,  and  learned  by  heart 
101  Dearer :  worth  more         Pluto's;  c/.  n. 

107  it  ...  scope:  your  anger  shall  not  be  opposed 

108  dishonour  .  .  .  humour:    your    dishonorable    deeds    shall    be    ig- 
nored as  caprices  109-112  Cf.  n. 


Julius  Caesar,  IV.  Hi  75 


Cas.  Hath  Cassius  liv'd 

To  be  but  mirth  and  laughter  to  his  Brutus, 
When  grief  and  blood  ill-temper'd  vexeth  him? 

Bru.  When  I  spoke  that  I  was  ill-temper'd  too. 

Cas.  Do   you    confess    so   much?      Give   me   your 
hand.  116 

Bru.  And  my  heart  too. 

Cas.  O  Brutus  ! 

Bru.  What's  the  matter? 

Cas.  Have  not  you  love  enough  to  bear  with  me^ 
When  that  rash  humour  which  my  mother  gave  me 
Makes  me  forgetful? 

Bru.  Yes,  Cassius  ;  and  from  henceforth 

When  you  are  over-earnest  with  your  Brutus,         121 
He'll  think  your  mother  chides,  and  leave  you  so. 

Poet.  [Within.]   Let  me  go  in  to  see  the  generals; 
There  is  some  grudge  between  'em,  'tis  not  meet 
They  be  alone.  125 

Lucil.  [Within.'}   You  shall  not  come  to  them. 

Poet.  [Within.}   Nothing  but  death  shall  stay  me. 

Enter  a  Poet    [followed   by   Lucilius,   Titinius,  and 
Lucius}. 

Cas.  How  now  !    What's  the  matter  ?  128 

Poet.  For    shame,    you    generals  !      What    do    you 

mean? 

Love,  and  be  friends,  as  two  such  men  should  be; 
For  I  have  seen  more  years,  I'm  sure,  than  ye. 
Cas.  Ha;  ha  !  hx)wvlteljjlc^^  ! 

Bru.  Gel;      you      Eence,      sirrah;      saucy      fellow, 
hence!  133 

Cas.  Bear  with  him,  Brutus;  'tis  his  fashion. 

114  blood  ill-temper'd:  disordered  condition 

132  cynic:  so  called  because  Diogenes  affected  rudeness 


76 The  Tragedy  of 

Bru.  I'll   know   his   humour,   when  he   knows   his 

time: 

What     should    the     wars     do     with     these    jigging 
fools  ?  136 

Companion,  hence! 

Cos.  Away,  away:  be  gone! 

Exit  Poet. 

Bru.  Lucilius  and  Titinius,  bid  the  commanders 
Prepare  to  lodge  their  companies  to-night. 

Cas.  And  come  yourselves,  and  bring  Messala  with 
you,  140 

Immediately  to  us. 

[Exeunt  Lucilius  and   Titinius.] 

Bru.  Lucius,  a  bowl  of  wine!  [Exit  Lucius.] 

Cas.  I  did  not  think  you  could  have  been  so  angry. 

Bru.  QCassius,  I  am  sick  of  many  griefs. 

Cas.  Of  your  philosophy  you  make  no  use,  144 

If  you  give  place  to  accidental  evils. 

Bru.  No  man  bears  sorrow  better:  Portia  is  dead. 

Cas.  Ha?     Portia? 

Bru.  She  is  dead.  148 

Cas.  How  'scap'd  I  killing  when  I  cross'd  you  so? 
O  insupportable  and  touching  loss ! 
Upon  what  sickness  ? 

Bru.  Impatient  of  my  absence, 

And    grief    that    young    Octavius    with    Mark    An- 
tony 152 
Have  made  themselves  so  strong; — for  with  her  death 
That  tidings  came : — with  this  she  fell  distract, 
And,  her  attendants  absent,  swallow'd  fire. 

135  I'll  listen  to  his  folly  when  he  learns  the  proper  time  for  it 

136  jigging:  doggerel  rhyming 

137  Companion :  base  fellow 

139  lodge  .  .  .  to-night:  encamp  for  the  night 

145  give  .  .  .  accidental :  admit  the  power  of  casual 

151  Upon:  of          Impatient  of:  unable  to  endure 

152  grief;  cf.  n.  154  fell  distract:  became  distracted 


Ar 
Hi 


Julius  Ccesar,  IV.  Hi  77 

Cas.  And  died  so? 

Bru.  Even  so. 

Cas.  O  ye  immortal  gods !     ^56^ 

Enter  Boy  [Lucius],  with  wine  and  tapers. 

Bru.  Speak  no  more  of  her.     Give  me  a  bowl  of 

wine. 
In  this  I  bury  all  unkindness,  Cassius.  Drinks. 

Cas.  My  heart  is  thirsty  for  that  noble  pledge. 
Fill,  Lucius,  till  the  wine  o'erswell  the  cup;  160 

I  cannot  drinkjgojnuch  ofJBrutus'  love.        [Drinks.] 

Bru.  Come  in,  Titinius.  [Exit  Lucius.] 

Enter  Titinius  and  Messala. 

Welcome,  good  Messala. 
Now  sit  we  close  about  this  taper  here, 
And  call  in  question  our  necessities.  164 

Cas.  Portia,  art  thou  gone? 

Bru.  No  more,  I  pray  you. 

Messala,  I  have  here  received  letters, 
That  young  Octavius  and  Mark  Antony 
Come  down  upon  us  with  a  mighty  power,  168 

Bending  their  expedition  towards  Philippi. 

Mes.  Myself  have  letters  of  the  self-same  tenour. 

Bru.  With  what  addition? 

Mes.  That    by    proscription     and    bills     of    out- 
lawry, 172 
Octavius,  Antony,  and  Lepidus, 
Have  put  to  death  an  hundred  senators. 

Bru.  Therein  our  letters  do  not  well  agree; 
Mine  speak  of  seventy  senators  that  died  176 

By  their  proscriptions,  Cicero  being  one. 

Cas.  Cicero  one? 

164  call  in  question:  bring  up  for  discussion 

169  Bending  .  .  .  expedition :  directing  their  march 


78 The  Tragedy  of 

Mes.  Cicero  is  dead, 

And  by  that  order  of  proscription. 
Had  you  your  letters  from  your  wife,  my  lord?    .  ^ 

Bru.  No,  Messala.  181 

Mes.  Nor  nothing  in  your  letters  writ  of  her? 

Bru.  Nothing,  Messala. 

Mes.  That,  methinks,  is  strange. 

Bru.  Why  ask  you?     Hear  you  aught  of  her  in 
yours  ?  184 

Mes.  No,  my  lord. 

Bru.  Now,  as  you  are  a  Roman,  tell  me  true. 

Mes.  Then  like  a  Roman  bear  the  truth  I  tell: 
For  certain  she  is  dead,  and  by  strange  manner. 

Bru.  Why,  farewell,  Portia.     We  must  die,  Mes- 
sala :  189 
With  meditating  that  she  must  die  once, 
I  have  the  patience  to  endure  it  now. 

Mes.  Even  so  great  men  great  losses   should  en- 
dure. 192 

Cas.  I  have  as  much  of  this  in  art  as  you, 
But  yet  my  nature  could  not  bear  it  so. 

Bru.  Well,  to  our  work  alive.     What  do  you  think 
Of  marching  to  Philippi  presently?  196 

Cas.  I  do  not  think  it  good. 

Bru.  Your  reason? 

Cas.  This  is  it: 

'Tis  better  that  the  enemy  seek  us: 
So  shall  he  waste  his  means,  weary  his  soldiers, 
Doing  himself  offence;  whilst  we,  lying  still,          200 
Are  full  of  rest,  defence,  and  nimbleness. 

Bru.  Good  reasons  must,   of   force,  give  place  to 
better. 

183  Nothing,  Messala;  cf.  n, 

190  once :  some  day  193  art:  theory 

195  alive:  which  concerns  the  living  202  force:  necessity 


Julius  Ccesar,  IF.  Hi 


The  people  'twixt  Philippi  and  this  ground 

Do  stand  but  in  a  forc'd  aflWiinn  •  —  204 

For  they  have  grudg'd  us  contribution: 

The  enemy,  marching  along  by  them, 

By  them  shall  make  a  fuller  number  up, 

Come  on  refreshed,  new-added,  and  encourag'd; 

From  which  advantage  shall  we  cut  him  off,         209 

If  at  Philippi  we  do  face  him  there, 

These  people  at  our  back. 

Cas.  Hear  me,  good  brother. 

Era.  Under    your    pardon.      You    must    note    be- 
side, 212 

That  we  have  tried  the  utmost  of  our  friends, 
Our  legions  are  brim-  full,  our  cause  is  ripe: 
The  enemy  increaseth  every  day; 
We,  at  the  height,  are  ready  to  decline.  216 

There  is  a  tide  in  the  affairsjofjpaeja, 
Which,  taken  at  foe  flood,  leads  on  to  fnrbme  : 
Omitted,  all  the  voyage  of  their  life__ 
Is  bound  in  shallows  and  in  miseries.  220 

On  such  a  full  sea  are  we  now  afloaTy 
And  we  must  take  the  current  when  it  serves, 
Or  lose  our  ventures. 

Cas.  Then,  with  your  will,  go  on; 

Well  along  ourselves,  and  meet  them  at  Philippi.     224 

Bru.  The  deep  of  night  is  crept  upon  our  talk, 
And  nature  must  obey  necessity, 
Which  we  will  niggard  with  a  little  rest. 
There  is  no  more  to  say? 

204  Are  friendly  to  us  only  under  compulsion 

208  new-added:  newly  augmented 

213  That  we  have  drawn  on  our  friends  to  the  utmost 

219  Omitted:  if  it  is  neglected 

220  bound  in  :  confined  to 

223  ventures:  investments         with  your  will:  according  to  your  prefer- 

ence ^    -fc 

227  So  to  nature's  need  we  will  dole  out  a  little  rest 


so  The  Tragedy  of 

Cas.  No  more.     Good-night:     228 

Early  to-morrow  will  we  rise,  and  hence. 
Bru.  Lucius ! 

Enter  Lucius. 

My  gown.  [Exit  Lucius.] 

Farewell,  good  Messala: 

Good-night,  Titinius.     NobleT  noble  CassiusT 
Good-night,  and  good  repose. 

Cas.  O  my  dear  brother!     232 

This  was  an  ill  beginning  of  the  night: 
Never  come  such  division  'tween  our  souls ! 
Let  it  not,  Brutus. 

Bru.  Everything  is  well. 

Cas.  Good-night,  my  lord. 

Bru.  Good-night,  good  brother.     236 

Tit. 

,,  "        Good-night,   Lord   Brutus. 

Bru.  Farewell,  every  one. 

Exeunt  [all  but  Brutus]. 

Enter  Lucius,  with  the  gown. 

Give  me  the  gown.     Where  is  thy  instrument? 

Luc.  Here  in  the  tent. 

Bru.  What,  thou  speak'st  drowsily? 

Poor    knave,     I     blame    thee    not;     thou    art    o'er- 
watch'd.  240 

Call  Claudius  and  some  other  of  my  men; 
I'll  have  them  sleep  on  cushions  in  my  tent. 

Luc.  Varro !  and  Claudius  ! 

Enter  Varro  and  Claudius. 

Far.  Calls  my  lord?  244 

Bru.  I  pray  you,  sirs,  lie  in  my  tent  and  sleep: 

240  knave:  boy         o'er-watch'd:  worn  out  by  lack  of  sleep 


Julius  Ctesar,  IV.  in  81 

It  may  be  I  shall  raise  you  by  and  by 
On-imsiness  to  my  brother  Cassius. 

Far.  So  please  you,  we  will  stand  and  watch  your 
pleasure.  248 

Bru.  I  will  not  have  it  soi Jie^down, j*ood  sirs ; 
It  may  be  I  shallotherwise  bethink  me. 

\Varro  and  Claudius  lie  down.~\ 
Look^  Lucius,  here's  the  book  I  sought  for  so; 
I  put  it  in  the  pocket  of  my  gown.  252 

Luc.  I  was  sure  your  lordship  did  not  give  it  me. 

Bru.  Bear  with  me,  good  boy,  I  am  much  forgetful. 
Canst  thou  hold  up  thy  heavy  eyes  awhile, 
And  touch  thy  instrument  a  strain  or  two?  256 

Luc.  Ay,  my  lord,  an  't  please  you. 

Bru.  It  does,  my  boy: 

I  trouble  thee  too  much,  but  thou  art  willing. 

Luc.   It  is  my  duty,  sir. 

Bru.  I     should     not     urge     thy     duty     past     thy 
might ;  260 

I  know  young  bloods  look  for  a  time  of  rest. 

Luc.  I  have  slept,  my  lord,  already. 

Bru.  It  was  well  done,  and  thou  shalt  sleep  again; 
I  will  not  hold  thee  long:  if  I  do  live,  264 

I  will  be  good  to  thee.  Music,  and  a  Song. 

This  is  a  sleepy  tune:  O  murderous  slumber, 
Lay'st  thou  thy  leaden  mace  upon  my  boy, 
That     plays     thee     music?       Gentle     knave,     good- 
night ;  268 
I  will  not  do  thee  so  much  wrong  to  wake  thee. 
If  thou  dost  nod,  thou  break'st  thy  instrument; 
I'll  take  it  from  thee;  and,  good  boy,  good-night. 

246  raise :  rouse  248  watch:  wakefully  await 

254  much:  very 

256  Play  a  tune  or  two  on  thy  lute 

266  murderous:  because  rendering  apparently  lifeless 

267  leaden:  dull  and  heavy  mace:  bailiff's  staff  for  arresting  people 


82  The  Tragedy  of 

Let    me    see,    let    me    see;    is    not    the    leaf    turn'd 
down  272 

Where  I  left  reading?    Here  it  is,  I  think. 

Enter  the  Ghost  of  Ccesar. 

How  ill  this  taper  burns.    Ha!    Who  comes  here? 

I  think  it  is  the  weakness  of  mine  eyes 

That  shapes  this  monstrous  apparition.  276 

It  comes  upon  me.     Art  thou  anything? 

Art  thou  some  god,  some  angel,  or  some  devil, 

That  mak'st  my  blood  cold  and  my  hair  to  stare? 


|w'1 
Speak  to  me  what  thou  art.  280 


Ghost.  Thy  evil  spirit,  Brutus. 

Bru.  Why  com'st  thou? 

Ghost.  To  tell  thee  thou  shalt  see  me  at  Philippi. 

Bru.  Well;  then  I  shall  see  thee  again? 

Ghost.  Ay,  at  Philippi. 

Bru.  Why,  I  will  see  thee  at  Philippi  then.         284 

[Exit  Ghost.] 

Now  I  have  taken  heart,  thou  vanishest: 
111  spirit,  I  would  hold  more  talk  with  thee. 
Boy,  Lucius  !    Varro !    Claudius  !    Sirs,  awake ! 
Claudius !  288 

Luc.  The  strings,  my  lord,  are  false. 

Bru.  He  thinks  he  still  is  at  his  instrument. 
Lucius,  awake ! 

Luc.  My  lord!  292 

Bru.  Didst  thou  dream,  Lucius,  that  thou  so  criedst 
out? 

Luc.  My  lord,  I  do  not  know  that  I  did  cry. 

Bru.  Yes,  that  thou  didst.     Didst  thou   see  any- 
thing ? 

Luc.  Nothing,  my  lord.  296 

274  How  .  .  .  burns:  accepted  sign  of  an  apparition's  presence 

277  upon:  towards  279  stare:  stand  on  end 


Julius  Ccesar,  V .  i 


83 


Bru.  Sleep  again,  Lucius.     Sirrah,  Claudius ! 
Fellow  thou,  awake! 
Var.  My  lord! 

Clau.  My  lord!  300 

Bru.  Why  did  you  so  cry  out,  sirs,  in  your  sleep? 
Both.  Did  we,  my  lord? 

Bru.  Ay:  saw  you  anything? 

Var.  No,  my  lord,  I  saw  nothing. 
Clau.  Nor  I,  my  lord. 


Bru.  Go,   and   commend   me   to  my   brother    Cas- 
sius :  304 

Bid  him  set  on  his  powers  betimes  before, 
And  we  will  follow. 

Both.  It  shall  be  done,  my  lord.  Exeunt. 


ACT  FIFTH 

Scene  One 

[The  Plains  of  Philippi] 
Enter  Octavius,  Antony,  and  their  Army. 

Oct.  Now,  Antony,  our  hopes  are  answered: 
You  said  the  enemy  would  not  come  down, 
But  keep  the  hills  and  upper  regions ; 
It  proves  not  so;  their  battles  are  at  hand;  4 

They  mean  to  warn  us  at  Philippi  here, 
Answering  before  we  do  demand  of  them. 

Ant.  Tut,  I  am  in  their  bosoms,  and  I  know 
Wherefore  they  do  it:  they  could  be  content  8 

To  visit  other  places;  and  come  down 

1  answered :  fulfilled  4  battles:  battalions 

5  warn:  summon,  challenge  7  bosoms:  secrets 


84  The  Tragedy  of 

With  fearful  bravery,  thinking  by  this  face 

To  fasten  in  our  thoughts  that  they  have  courage; 

But  'tis  not  so. 

Enter  a  Messenger. 

Mess.  Prepare  you,  generals:  12 

The  enemy  comes  on  in  gallant  show; 
Their  bloody  sign  of  battle  is  hung  out, 
And  something  to  be  done  immediately. 

Ant.  Octavius,  lead  your  battle  softly  on,  16 

Upon  the  left  hand  of  the  even  field. 

Oct.  Upon  the  right  hand  I;  keep  thou  the  left. 

Ant.  Why  do  you  cross  me  in  this  exigent? 

Oct.  I  do  not  cross  you;  but  I  will  do  so.  20 

March. 

Drum.     Enter  Brutus,  Cassius,  and  their  Army. 

Bru.  They  stand,  and  would  have  parley. 
Cas.  Stand  fast,  Titinius:  we  must  out  and  talk. 
Oct.  Mark  Antony,  shall  we  give  sign  of  battle? 
Ant.  No,      Caesar,     we     will      answer     on     their 

charge.  24 

Make  forth;  the  generals  would  have  some  words. 
Oct.  [To  his  troops.]   Stir  not  until  the  signal. 
Bru.  Words  before  blows:  is  it  so,  countrymen? 
Oct.  Not  that  we  love  words  better,as  you  dp.      28 
Bru.  Good    wor3s are  TettelT Than"  bad    strokes, 

Octavius. 
Ant.  In  your  bad  strokes,  Brutus,  you  give  good 

words : 
Witness  the  hole  you  made  in  Caesar's  heart, 

10  fearful  bravery:  cowardly  bravado          face:  pretense 

14  bloody  .  .  .  battle:  signal  for  immediate  combat 

17  even:  equally  divided  19  exigent:  emergency 

20  but  .  .  .  so:  but  I  shall  do  as  I  said  21  parley:  conference 

24  answer  .  .  .  charge:  fight  when  they  attack 

25  Make  forth:  step  forward 

30  In  ...  strokes:  while  delivering  foul  blows 


Julius  Ccesar,  V.i  85 

Crying,  'Long  live !    Hail,  Caesar !' 

Cos.  Antony,  32 

The  posture  of  your  blows  are  yet  unknown; 
But  for  your  words,  they  rob  the  Hybla  bees, 
And  leave  them  honeyless. 

Ant.  Not  stingless  too! 

Bru.  O  yes,  and  soundless  too;  36 

For  you  have  stol'n  their  buzzing,  Antony, 
And  very  wisely  threat  before  you  sting. 

Ant.  Villains!    you    did    not    so    when    your    vile 

daggers 

Hack'd  one  another  in  the  sides  of  Caesar:  40 

You   show'd  your  teeth  like   apes,   and   fawn'd  like 

hounds, 

And  bow'd  like  bondmen,  kissing  Caesar's  feet; 
Whilst  damned  Casca,  like  a  cur,  behind 
Struck  Caesar  on  the  neck.     O  you  flatterers  !  44 

Cas.  Flatterers!     Now,  Brutus,  thank  yourself: 
This  tongue  had  not  offended  so  to-day, 
If  Cassius  might  have  ruFd. 

Oct.  Come,  come,  the  cause:  if  arguing  make  us 
sweat,  48 

The  proof  of  it  will  turn  to  redder  drops. 
Look: 

I  draw  a  sword  against  conspirators ; 
When  think  you  that  the  sword  goes  up  again  ?  52 

Never,  till  Caesar's  three-and- thirty  wounds 
Be  well  aveng'd ;  or  till  another  Caesar 
Have  added  slaughter  to  the  sword  of  traitors. 

Bru.  Caesar,     thou     canst     not     die     by     traitors' 
hands,  56 

33  posture:  nature  (f)          are:  a  plural  by  attraction 

34  Hybla:  town  in  Sicily,  famous  for  its  honey 

41  show'd  .  .  ,  apes:  simulated  smiles  of  affection,  like  favorite  pets 

44  flatterers:  treacherous  hypocrites 

48  the  cause:  let's  get  down  to  business  53  three-and-thirty;  cf.  n. 


86  The  Tragedy  of 

Unless  thou  bring* st  them  with  thee. 

Oct.  So  I  hope; 

I  was  not  born  to  die  on  Brutus'  sword. 

Bru.  O,  if  thou  wert  the  noblest  of  thy  strain, 
Young    man,    thou    couldst    not    die    more    honour- 
*V    able.  —  x  60 

Cas.  A  peevish  schoolboy,  worthless  of  such  honour, 
Join'd  with  a  masquer  and  a  reveller. 

Ant.  Old  Cassius  still! 

Oct.  Come,  Antony;  away! 

Defiance,  traitors,  hurl  we  in  your  teeth.  64 

If  you  dare  fight  to-day,  come  to  the  field; 
If  not,  when  you  have  stomachs. 

Exeunt  Octavius,  Antony,  and  Army. 

Cas.  Why  now,  blow  wind,  swell  billow,  and  swim 

bark! 
The  storm  is  up,  and  all  is  on  the  hazard.  68 

Bru.  Ho,  Lucilius:  hark,  a  word  with  you. 

Lucil.  [Standing  forth.]  My  lord? 

[Brutus  and  Lucilius  talk  apart.] 

Cas.  Messala. 

Mes.  [Standing  forth.]   What  says  my  general? 

Cas.  Messala, 

This  is  my  birth-day;  as  this  very  day  72 

Was  Cassius  born.    Give  me  thy  hand,  Messala: 
Be  thou  my  witness  that  against  my  will, 
As  Pompey  Was,  am  I  compelled  to  set 
Upon  one  battle  all  our  liberties,.  76 

You  know  that  I  held  Epicurus  strong^ 

And  his  opinion;  now  I  change  my  mind, 

/ 

59  strain:  race 

61  peevish:  silly  such  "honour:  i.e.,  that  of  dying  on  Brutus' sword 

63  Old  .  .  .  still:  you  are  still  the  same  old  Cassius 

66  stomachs:  courage    •— 

72  as:  a  colloquial  expletive 

75  As  Pompey:  at  the  battle  of  Pharsalia,  48  B.  C. 

77  held  .  .  .  strong:  believed  Epicurus  right  in  disregarding  omens 


Julius  Ccesar,  V.  i  87 

And  partly  credit  things  that  do  presage. 

Coming  from  Sardis,  on  our  former  ensign  80 

Two  mighty  eagles  fell,  and  there  they  perch'd, 

Gorging  and  feeding  from  our  soldiers'  hands; 

Who  to  Philippi  here  consorted  us : 

This  morning  are  they  fled  away  and  gone,  84 

And  in  their  stead  do  ravens,  crows,  and  kites 

Fly  o'er  our  heads,  and  downward  look  on  us, 

As  we  were  sickly  prey:  their  shadows  seem 

A  canopy  most  fatal,  under  which  88 

Our  army  lies,  ready  to  give  up  the  ghost. 

Mes.  Believe  not  so. 

Cas.  I  but  believe  it  partly, 

For  I  am  fresh  of  spirit  and  resolv'd^ 
To  meet  all  perils  very  constantly.  92 

Bru.  Even  so,  Lucilius. 

Cas.  Now,  most  noble  Brutus, 

The  gods  to-day  stand  friendly,  that  we  may, 
Lovers  in  peace,  lead  on  our  days  to  age ! 
But  since  the  affairs  of  men  rest  still  incertain,       96 
Let's  reason  with  the  worst  that  may  befall. 
If  we  do  lose  this  battle,  then  is  this 
The  very  last  time  we  shall  speak  together: 
What  are  you,  then,  determined  to  do?  100 

Bru.  Even  by  the  rule  of  that  philosophy 
By  which  I  did  blame  Cato  for  the  death 
Which  he  did  give  himself — (I  know  not  how, 
But  I  do  find  it  cowardly  and  vile,  104 

For  fear  of  what  might  fall,  so  to  prevent 
The  time  of  life) — arming  myself  with  patience, 

80  former  ensign:  banner  at  the  front  of  our  column 
83  consorted:  accompanied 

87  As:  as  if          sickly  prey:  so  sick  as  soon  to  be  their  prey 

88  fatal:  fateful/doom-foreboding 
94  The  gods:  may  the  gods 

97  reason  with:  consider 

102  Cato:  of  Utica;  committed  suicide,  46  B.  C. 


88  The  Tragedy  of 

To  stay  the  providence  of  some  high  powers 
That  govern  us  below. 

Cas.  Then,  if  we  lose  this  battle,     108 

You  are  contented  to  be  led  in  triumph 
Thorough  the  streets  of  Rome? 

Bru.  No,  Cassius,  no:  think  not,  thou  noble  Roman, 

That  ever  Bmtng  will    go  hprmd   fn   Tj.pjng  ;  H2 

He  bears  too  great  a  mind:  but  this  same  day 

Must  end  that  work  the  ides  of  March  begun; 

And  whether  we  shall  meet  again  I  know  not. 

Therefore  our  everlasting  farewell  take:  116 

For  ever,  and  for  ever,  farewell,  Cassius. 

If  we  do  meet  again,  why,  we  shall  smile; 

If  not,  why  then  this  parting  was  well  made. 

Cas.  For  ever,  and  for  ever,  farewell,  Brutus. 
If  we  do  meet  again,  we'll  smile  indeed;  121 

If  not,  'tis  true  this  parting  was  well  made. 

Bru.  Why,  then,  lead  on.     O,  that  a  man  might 

know 

The  end  of  this  day's  business,  ere  it  come!  124 

But  it  sufficeth  that  the  day  will  end, 
And  then  the  end  is  known.     Come,  ho  !  away  ! 

Exeunt. 

Scene  Two 

[The  Same.     The  Field  of  Battle] 
Alarum.    Enter  Brutus  and  Messala. 

Bru.  Ride,  ride,  Messala,  ride,  and  give  these  bills 
Unto  the  legions  on  the  other  side.          Loud  alarum. 
Let  them  set  on  at  once,  for  I  perceive 
But  cold  demeanour  in  Octavius'  wing,  4 


107  stay:  await,  submit^id*^^  111-115  Cf.  n. 

I  bills:  written  orders^  ^^^  2  side:  wing,  commanded  by  Cassius 

4  cold  demeanour:  faint-heart  edne^A. 


Julius  Ccesar,  V .  Hi  89 

And  sudden  push  gives  them  the  overthrow. 
Ride,  ride,  Messala:  let  them  all  come  down. 

Exeunt. 


Scene  Three 

[Another  part  of  the  Field] 
Alarums.     Enter  Cassius  and  Titinius. 

Cas.  O  look,  Titinius,  look,  the  villains  fly ! 
Myself  have  to  mine  own  turn' d  enemy: 
This  ensign  here  of  mine  was  turning  back ; 

1  slew  the  coward,  and  did  take  it  from  him.  4 
Tit.  O  Cassius !  Brutus  gave  the  word  too  early; 

Who,  having  some  advantage  on  Octavius, 
Took  it  too  eagerly:  his  soldiers  fell  to  spoil, 
Whilst  we  by  Antony  are  all  enclos'd.  8 

Enter  Pindarus. 

Pin.  Fly  further  off,  my  lord,  fly  further  off; 
Mark  Antony  is  in  your  tents,  my  lord: 
Fly,  therefore,  noble  Cassius,  fly  far  off. 

Cas.  This    hill    is    far    enough.      Look,    look,    Ti- 
tinius ;  12 
Are  those  my  tents  where  I  perceive  the  fire? 

Tit.  They  are,  my  lord. 

Cas.  Titinius,  if  thou  lovest  me, 

Mount  thou  my  horse,  and  hide  thy  spurs  in  him, 
Till  he  have  brought  thee  up  to  yonder  troops 
And  here  again;  that  I  may  rest  assur'd  17 

Whether  yond  troops  are  friend  or  enemy. 

Tit.  I  will  be  here  again,  even  with  a  thought. 

Exit. 

2  mine  own :  my  own  troops 

4  coward:  i.e.,  the  standard-bearer  19  even  with:  quick  as 


90  The  Tragedy  of 

Cas.  Go,  Pindarus,  get  higher  on  that  hill; 
My  sight  was  ever  thick;  regard  Titinius,  21 

And  tell  me  what  thou  not'st  about  the  field. 

[Pindarus  ascends  the  hilL] 
day  I  breathed  first;  time  is  come  round, 
nd  where  I  did  begin,  there  shall  I  end ;  24 

My  life  is  run  his  compass.     Sirrah,  what  news? 
Pin.  [Above.]   O   myHford! 
Cas.  What  news? 

Pin.  [Above.]    Titinius  is  enclosed  round  about     28 
With  horsemen,  that  make  to  him  on  the  spur; 
Yet  he  spurs  on.     Now  they  are  almost  on  him: 
Now,  Titinius !     Now  some  light;  O,  he  lights  too: 
He's  ta'en.  Shout. 

And  hark,  they  shout  for  joy.     32 
Cas.  Come  down;  behold  no  more. 
O,  coward  that  I  am,  to  live  so  long, 
To  see  my  best  friend  ta'en  before  my  face! 

Enter  Pindarus   [below] . 

Come  hither,  sirrah:  36 

In  Parthia  did  I  take  thee  prisoner; 
And  then  I  swore  thee,  saving  of  thy  life, 
That  whatsoever  I  did  bid  thee  do, 
Thou   shouldst   attempt   it.      Come   now,   keep   thine 
oath ;  40 

Now  be  a  freeman ;  and  with  this  good  sword, 
That  ran  through  Caesar's  bowels,  search  this  bosom. 
Stand  not  to  answer ;  here,  take  thou  the  hilts ; 
And,  when  my  face  is  cover'd,  as  'tis  now,  44 

21  thick:  dull,  imperfect 

25  is  ...  compass:  has  completed  its  cycle 

31  light:  alight,  dismount 

37  Parthia:  in  Crassus'  disastrous  campaign,  in  53  B.  C. 

38  swore  thee:  made  thee  swear         saving  of:  in  return  for  my  sparing 

41  freeman:  Cassius'  death  will  free  him  from  slavery 

42  search:  probe 


Julius  Ccesar,  V.  Hi  91 

Guide  thou  the  sword. — Caesar,  thou  art  reveng'd, 
Egen  with  the  jw_ord  that  kiirdjjip.p.  [Dies.] 

Pin.  So,  I  am  free ;  yet  would  not  so  have  been, 
Durst  I  have  done  my  will.    O  Cassius,  48 

Far  from  this  country  Pindarus  shall  run, 
Where  never  Roman  shall  take  note  of  him.         Exit. 

Enter  Titinius  and  Messala. 

Mes.  It  is  but  change,  Titinius;  for  Octavius 
Is  overthrown  by  noble  Brutus'  power,  V52 

Cassius'  legions  are  by  Antony. 

Tit.  These  tidings  will  well  comfort  Cassius. 

Mes.  Where  did  you  leave  him? 

Tit.  All  disconsolate. 

With  Pindarus  his  bondman,  on  this  hill.  56 

Mes.  Is  not  that  he  that  lies  upon  the  ground? 

Tit.  He  lies  not  like  the  living.    O  my  heart ! 

Mes.  Is  not  that  he? 

Tit.  No,  this  was  he,  Messala. 

But  Cassius  is  no  more.     O  setting  sun,  60 

As  in  thy  red  rays  thou  dost  sink  to  night, 
So  in  his  red  blood  Cassius'  day  is  set. 
The  sun  of  Rome  is  set.     Our  day  is  gone; 
Clouds,    dews,    and    dangers    come;    our    deeds    are 
done.  64 

Mistrust  of  my  success  hath  done  this  deed. 

Mes.  Mistrust  of  good  success  hath  done  this  deed. 
O  hateful  error,  melancholy's  child, 
Why  dost  thou  show  to  the  apt  thoughts  of  men        68 
The  things  that  are  not?    O  error,  soon  conceived, 
Thou  never  com'st  unto  a  happy  birth, 

50  take  note  of :  see  51  change:  exchange 

64  our  .  .  .  done :  all  is  over 

65  Mistrust  .  .  .  success :  misgivings  about  the  outcome  of  my  errand 

67  melancholy's  child:  result  of  despondency 

68  apt:  impressionable 


92  The  Tragedy  of 

But  kilFst  the  mother  that  engendered  thee. 

Tit.  What,     Pindarus!       Where     art     thou,     Pin- 
darus  ?  72 

Mes.  Seek  him,  Titinius,  whilst  I  go  to  meet 
The  noble  Brutus,  thrusting  this  report 
Into  his  ears;  I  may  say,  thrusting  it: 
For  piercing  steel  and  darts  envenomed  76 

Shall  be  as  welcome  to  the  ears  of  Brutus 
As  tidings  of  this  sight. 

Tit.  Hie  you,  Messala, 

And  I  will  seek  for  Pindarus  the  while. 

[Exit  Messala.'] 

Why  didst  thou  send  me  forth,  brave  Cassius? 
Did  I  not  meet  thy  friends,  and  did  not  they  81 

Put  on  my  brows  this  wreath  of  victory, 
And  bid  me  give  it  thee?     Didst  thou  not  hear  their 

shouts  ? 

Alas,  thou  hast  misconstrued  everything.  84 

But,  hold  thee,  take  this  garland  on  thy  brow; 
Thy  Brutus  bid  me  give  it  thee,  and  I 
Will  do  his  bidding.     Brutus,  come  apace, 
And  see  how  I  regarded  Caius  Cassius.  88 

By  your  leave,  gods:  this  is  a  Roman's  part: 
Come,  Cassius'  sword,  and  find  Titinius'  heart. 

Dies. 

Alarum.    Enter  Brutus,  Messala,  Young  Cato,  Strata, 
Volumnius,  and  Lucilius. 

Bru.  Where,  where,  Messala,  doth  his  body  lie  ?     91 

Mes.  Lo,  yonder:  and  Titinius  mourning  it. 

Bru.  Titinius'  face  is  upward. 

Cato.  He  is  slain. 

Bru.  Q>  Julius  Cg^r.j.  f^mi  nr±  mighty  :get! 


85  hold  thee:  wait  a  moment  87  apace:  quickly 

89  By  .  .  .  gods:  a  proud  apology  for  taking  his  fate  into  his  own 
hands 


Julius  Ccesar,  V  .  iv 


Thy  spirit  walks  abroad,  and  turns  our  swords 

In  our  own  proper  entrails.  Low  alarums. 

Cato.  Brave  Titinius  !        96 

Look  whether  he  have  not  crown'd  dead  Cassius  ! 

Bru.  Are  yet  two  Romans  living  such  as  these? 
The  last  of  all  the  Romans,  fare  thee  well  ! 
It  is  impossible  that  ever  Rome  100 

Should  breed  thy  fellow.     Friends,  I  owe  more  tears 
To  this  dead  man  than  you  shall  see  me  pay.  — 
I  shall  find  time,  Cassius,  I  shall  find  time.  — 
Come  therefore,  and  to  Thasos  send  his  body:  104 

His  funerals  shall  not  be  in  our  camp, 
Lest  it  discomfort  us.     Lucilius,  come; 
And  come,  young  Cato;  —  let  us  to  the  field. 
Labeo  and  Flavius,  set  our  battles  on:  108 

'Tis  three  o'clock;  and,  Romans,  yet  ere  night 
We  shall  try  fortune  in  a  second  fight.  Exeunt. 


Scene  Four 
[Another  part  of  the  Field] 

Alarum.     Enter  Brutus,  Messala,  Cato,  Lucilius,  and 
Flavius. 

Bru.  Yet,  countrymen,  O  yet  hold  up  your  heads ! 

Cato.  What  bastard  doth  not?     Who  will  go  with 

me? 

I  will  proclaim  my  name  about  the  field: 
I  am  the  son  of  Marcus  Cato,  ho!  4 

A  foe  to  tyrants,  and  my  country's  friend; 

1  am  the  son  of  Marcus  Cato,  ho ! 

96  proper:  individual  101  fellow:  equal 

104  Thasos:  isle  near  Thrace  106  discomfort:  dishearten 

109,  110  three  o'clock  .  .  .  second  fight;  cf.  n. 

2  What  .  .  .  not:  Who  is  so  base-born  as  not  to  do  so? 


The  Tragedy  of 


Enter  Soldiers,  and  -fight. 

[Bru.~\  And  I  am  Brutus,  Marcus  Brutus,  I  ; 
Brutus,  my  country's  friend;  know  me  for  Brutus! 
[Exit  Brutus,  fighting.     Cato  is  slain.'] 
Lucil.  O  young  and  noble  Cato,  art  thou  down?     9 
Why,  now  thou  diest  as  bravely  as  Titinius, 
And  may'st  be  honoured  being  Cato's  son. 
First  Sold.  Yield,  or  thou  diest. 
Lucil.  Only  I  yield  to  die:     12 

There  is  so  much,  that  thou  wilt  kill  me  straight: 
Kill  Brutus,  and  be  honoured  in  his  death. 

First  Sold.  We  must  not.    A  noble  prisoner  ! 
-  Sec.  Sold.  Room,    ho  !       Tell    Antony,    Brutus    is 
ta'en.  16 

First  Sold.  I'll  tell  the  news  :  here  comes  the  gen- 
eral. 

Enter  Antony. 

Brutus  is  ta'en,  Brutus  is  ta'en,  my  lord. 

Ant.  Where  is  he? 

Lucil.  Safe,  Antony;  Brutus  is  safe  enough:       20 
I  dare  assure  thee  that  no  enemy 
Shall  ever  take  alive  the  noble  Brutus  : 
The  gods  defend  him  from  so  great  a  shame  ! 
When  you  do  find  him,  or  alive  or  dead,  24 

He  will  be  found  like  Brutus,  like  himself. 

Ant.  This  is  not  Brutus,  friend;  but,  I  assure  you, 
A  prize  no  less  in  worth.     Keep  this  man  safe, 
Give  him  all  kindness  :  J^had  rather  have  28 

Such  men  my  friends  than  enemies.     Go  on, 
And  see  whether  Brutus  be  alive  or  dead; 
And  bring  us  word,  unto  Octavius'  tent, 
How  everything  is   chanc'd.  Exeunt. 

7  [Bru.]  ;  cf.  n. 

12  Only  .  .  .  die:  /  yield  only  in  order  that  I  may  die          13,  14  Cf.  n. 


Julius  Ccesar,  V.  v 


Scene  Five 
[Another  part  of  the  Field] 

Enter  Brutus,  Dardanius,  Clitus,  Strato,  and 
Volumnius. 

Bru.  Come,  poor  remains  of  friends,  rest  on  this 
rock. 

Cli.  Statilius  show'd  the  torch-light;  but,  my  lord, 
He  came  not  back:  he  is  or  ta'en  or  slain. 

Bru.  Sit  thee  down,  Clitus:  slaying  is  the  word;     4 
It  is  a  deed  in  fashion.     Hark  thee,  Clitus. 

[Whispers."] 

Cli.  What,  I,  my  lord?     No,  not  for  all  the  world. 

Bru.  Peace,  then:  no  words. 

Cli.  I'll  rather  kill  myself. 

Bru.  Hark  thee,  Dardanius.  [Whispers.] 

Dar.  Shall  I  do  such  a  deed?     8 

Cli.  O,  Dardanius  ! 

Dar.  O,  Clitus  ! 

Cli.  What  ill  request  did  Brutus  make  to  thee? 

Dar.  To  kill  him,  Clitus.     Look,  he  meditates. 

Cli.  Now  is  that  noble  vessel  full  of  grief,  13 

That  it  runs  over  even  at  his  eyes. 

Bru.  Come  hither,  good  Volumnius:  list  a  word. 

Vol.  What  says  my  lord? 

Bru.  Why  this,  Volumnius:     16 

The  ghost  of  Caesar  hath  appeared  to  me 
Two  several  times  by  night;  at  Sardis  once, 
And  this  last  night  here  in  Philippi  fields. 
I  know  my  hour  is  come. 

Vol.  Not  so,  my  lord.  20 

Bru.  Nay,  I  am  sure  it  is,  Volumnius. 

1  poor  remains  of:  few  surviving 

2,  3  Cf.  n.  13  noble  vessel;  cf.  2  Tim.  2.  21 


96  The  Tragedy  of 

Thou  seest  the  world,  Volumnius,  how  it  goes; 

Our  enemies  have  beat  us  to  the  pit :        Low  alarums. 

It  is  more  worthy  to  leap  in  ourselves,  24 

Than  tarry  till  they  push  us.     Good  Volumnius, 

Thou  know'st  that  we  two  went  to  school  together: 

Even  for  that  our  love  of  old,  I  prithee, 

Hold  thou  my  sword-hilts  whilst  I  run  on  it.  28 

Vol.  That's  not  an  office  for  a  friend,  my  lord. 

Alarum  still. 

Cli.  Fly,  fly,  my  lord :  there  is  no  tarrying  here ! 

Bru.  Farewell  to  you;  and  you;  and  you,  Volum- 

nius. 

Strato,  thou  hast  been  all  this  while  asleep;  32 

Farewell  to  thee  too,  Strato.     Countrymen, 
My  heart  doth  joy  that  yet,  in  all  my  life, 
JLfound  nojnan  but  he  was_trueto  me. 
I  shall  have  glory  by  this  losing  day  36 

More  than  Octavius  and  Mark  Antony 
this  vile  conquest  shall  attain  unto. 
So  fare  you  well  at  once;  for  Brutus'  tongue 
Hath  almost  ended  his  life's  history:  40 

Night  hangs  upon  mine  eyes ;  my  bones  would  rest, 
That  have  but  labour'd  to  attain  this  hour. 

Alarum.     Cry  within,  'Fly,  fly,  fly!' 

Cli.  Fly,  my  lord,  fly ! 

Bru.  Hence:  I  will  follow. 

[Exeunt  Clitus,  Dardanius,  and  Volumnius.^ 
I  prithee,  Strato,  stay  thou  by  thy  lord:  44 

Thou  art  a  fellow  of  a  good  respect; 
Thy  life  hath  had  some  smatch  of  honour  in  it: 
Hold  then  my  sword,  and  turn  away  thy  face, 

23  pit:  brink  of  destruction 

39  at  once:  once  for  all;  or,  all  of  you 

39,  40  Brutus'  .  .  .  history:    Brutus'    life    will    end    with    this    very 

speech,  almost 
42  Cf,  Psalm  90.  10  46  smatch:  smack,  flavor 


Julius  Ccesar,  V.  v  97 

While  I  do  run  upon  it.    Wilt  thou,  Strato  ?  48 

Stra.  Give  me  your  hand  first:  fare  you  well,  my 

lord. 
Bru.  Farewell,  good  Strato. — Caesar,  now  be  still; 

I  kiird  not  thee  with  half  so  good  a  will.  Dies. 

Alarum.    Retreat.    Enter  Antony,  Octavius,  Messala, 
Lucilius,  and  the  Army. 

Oct.  What  man  is  that?  52 

Mes.  My    master's    man.      Strato,    where    is    thy 
master  ? 

Stra.  Free  from  the  bondage  you  are  in,  Messala; 
The  conquerors  can  but  make  a  fire  of  him; 
For  Brutus  only  overcame  himself,  56 

And  no  man  else  hath  honour  by  his  death. 

Lucil.  So  Brutus  should  be  found.     I  thank  thee, 

Brutus, 
That  thou  hast  prov'd  Lucilius'  saying  true. 

Oct.  All    that    serv'd    Brutus,     I     will    entertain 
them.  60 

Fellow,  wilt  thou  bestow  thy  time  with  me? 

Stra.  Ay,  if  Messala  will  prefer  me  to  you. 

Oct.  Do  so,  good  Messala. 

Mes.  How  died  my  master,  Strato?  64 

Stra.  I  held  the  sword,  and  he  did  run  on  it. 

Mes.  Octavius,  then  take  him  to  follow  thee 
That  did  the  latest  service  to  my  master. 

Ant.  This  was  the  noblest  Roman  of  them  all ;     68 
All  the  conspirators  save  only  he 
Did  that  they  did  in  envy  of  great  Caesar ; 
He  only,  in  a  general  honest  thought 
And  common  good  to  all,  made  one  of  them.  72 

56  only:  alone  60  entertain:  employ 

61  bestow  .  .  .  with:  devote  thy  time  to 

62  prefer:  recommend,  transfer  71,  72  Cf.  n. 


98  The  Tragedy  of  Julius  Ccesar 

His  life  was  gentle,  and  the  elements 

So  mix'd  in  him  that  Nature  might  stand  up 

And  say  to  all  world,  'This  was  a  man!' 

Oct.  According  to  his  virtue  let  us  use  him,  76 

With  all  respect  and  rites  of  burial. 
Within  my  tent  his  bones  to-night  shall  lie, 
Most  like  a  soldier,  order'd  honourably. 
So,  call  the  field  to  rest ;  and  let's  away  80 

To  part  the  glories  of  this  happy  day. 
^_^^  Exeunt  omnes. 

73  gentle:  that  of  a  true  gentleman  elements:  or  microcosm,  man 

was  believed  to  be  composed  of  earth,  air,  fire,  and  water,  mingled 
in  due  proportions 

76  use:  treat 

79  Most  like:  ay  best  befits         order'd:  arrayed 

80  field :  troops  in  the  field 

81  part:  share 

FINIS. 


NOTES 

I.  i.  S.  d.  Marullus.  The  Folios  spell  this  name 
incorrectly,  'Murellus.'  The  emendation,  based  on 
Plutarch  and  other  conclusive  ancient  authorities,  is 
Theobald's.  On  similar  grounds,  certain  other  ortho- 
graphical vagaries  have  been  corrected  in  most  of  the 
modern  editions:  e.g.,  the  Folios  print  'Calphurnia,' 
'Antonio/  'Claudio,'  'Varrus/  etc.  On  the  other  hand, 
'Decius  Brutus'  for  'Decimus'  is  a  genuine  confusion 
of  identity  which  Shakespeare  took  over  from  North's 
Plutarch  (see  Appendix  A). 

I.  i.  25.  with  awl.  The  original  Folio  pointing  and 
spelling  of  the  text  will  serve  to  suggest  a  further 
pun  not  obvious  in  the  modern  texts:  'I  meddle  with 
no  Tradesmans  matters,  nor  womens  matters;  but 
withal  I  am  indeed  Sir,  a  Surgeon  to  old  shooes.' 

I.  i.  35.  triumph.  This  triumph  celebrated  Cae- 
sar's defeat  of  the  sons  of  Pompey  at  the  battle  of 
Munda,  in  Spain,  March  17,  B.  C.  45,  and  was  the 
first  such  recognition  of  a  Roman's  victory  over  any 
but  a  foreign  foe. — Shakespeare  throughout  has  com- 
pressed the  historical  duration  of  the  play's  action 
considerably,  in  the  interests  of  dramatic  effective- 
ness: so  here  he  has  this  triumph  coincide  with  the 
festival  of  the  Lupercalia,  February  15,  B.  C.  44; 
in  Act  III  he  places  the  murder,  the  funeral  orations, 
and  the  arrival  of  Octavius  all  on  the  same  day, 
whereas  in  reality  some  two  months  elapsed  between 
the  earliest  and  the  latest  of  these  events;  and  in 
Act  V  he  combines  in  a  single  action  the  two  battles 
of  Philippi,  which  really  were  separated  by  a  three- 
week  interval.  See  further,  for  the  use  of  'Double 
Time'  in  this  play,  the  note  on  II.  i.  61,  62. 

I.  i.  49.     her.     'Father  Tiber'  would  seem  to  de- 


ioo  The  Tragedy  of 

mand  a  masculine  pronoun,  and  Rowe  accordingly, 
followed  by  several  other  editors,  changed  'her'  to 
'his*  in  this  line  and  line  5 1 ;  but  Elizabethan  usage 
was  less  strict  than  classical,  and  Shakespeare's 
laxity  was  not  a  special  peculiarity  of  his  own. 

I.  i.  71.  Lupercal.  Ancient  Roman  festival  of 
purification  and  expiation,  celebrated  February  15, 
and  believed  to  give  new  life  and  fruitfulness  to  fields, 
flocks,  and  human  beings.  After  due  sacrifices  had 
been  offered,  the  chosen  young  men,  called  'Luperci,' 
ran  around  the  Palatine  hill  and  struck  with  their 
thongs  of  gpatskin  those  who  stood  in  their  way,  thus 
warding  off  barrenness.  These  thongs  were  called 
'februa,'  from  'februare,  to  purify';  the  day,  'dies 
februatus';  and  the  whole  month,  'februarius.' 

I.  ii.  154.  walks.  The  famous  and  spacious  paved 
Roman  Ways,  such  as  the  'Via  Appia,'  'Via  Sacra,' 
'Via  Flaminia,'  etc.,  are  here  put  for  the  city  itself,  by 
synecdoche.  Or,  another  sound  explanation  is  based 
on  III.  ii.  252;  'walks'  thus  would  signify  the  parks 
and  promenades  forming  the  outlying  suburbs  of  the 
city.  Rowe's  emendation,  'walls,'  though  widely  ac- 
cepted, is  unnecessary  and  prosaic. 

I.  ii.  165.  The  punctuation  in  this  line  is  that  of 
Pope's  second  edition,  and  has  been  generally 
adopted;  but  the  Folio  gives  a  perfectly  plausible 
reading  without  emendation:  'I  would  not  so  (with 
love  I  might  entreat  you)  Be  any  further  moved.' 

I.  ii.  198.  my  name.  A  Latin  idiom,  meaning  'I 
myself,  Caesar.'  For  parallels  from  Virgil,  Milton, 
and  the  Bible,  cf.  R.  C.  Browne's  note  on  Paradise 
Lost,  II,  964,  in  the  Clarendon  Press  edition  of  Eng- 
lish Poems  by  John  Milton,  1906. 

I.  ii.  203.  he  hears  no  music.  Cf.  Merchant  of 
Venice,  V.  i.  83-88. 

I.  ii.  320.  He  should  not  humour  me.  'He,'  as  is 
shown  by  the  'he'  in  the  preceding  line  and  the  'his' 


Julius  Ccesar 


in  the  following,  refers  to  Brutus,  not  to  Caesar.  Cas- 
sius  then  says:  'If  I  had  Brutus'  standing  with  Caesar 
and  Brutus  only  mine,  Brutus  should  not  (as  easily 
as  I  mean  to  beguile  him  into  doing  so)  talk  me  into 
forgoing  the  advantages  afforded  by  Caesar's  favor/ 

I.  iii.  60.  cast  yourself  in  wonder.  Tlunge  head- 
long into,  abjectly  abandon  yourself  to,  unreasoning 
wonder/  Cf.  'cast  down/  and  the  etymology  of 
'abject/  There  is  no  need  for  emendation,  though 
'case'  has  been  widely  accepted. 

I.  iii.  65.  Why  old  men,  fools,  and  children  calcu- 
late. This  line  has  occasioned  much  discussion. 
Many  editors  emend  it  thus:  'Why  old  men  fool,  and 
children  calculate,'  i.e.,  'Why  the  wise  are  foolish  and 
the  foolish  wise/  But  against  this  emendation  may  be 
urged  the  facts  that  'old  men'  are  not  always  'wise,' 
in  Shakespeare  or  elsewhere,  and  that  the  unaltered 
text  affords  an  acceptable  meaning:  'Why  dotards, 
idiots,  and  infants  so  far  depart  from  their  ordinary 
characteristics  as  to  utter  the  profound  truths  of 
divination/ 

I.  iii.  107-111.  'The  idea  seems  to  be  that,  as  men 
start  a  huge  fire  with  worthless  straws  or  shavings,  so 
Caesar  is  using  the  degenerate  Romans  of  the  time,  to 
set  the  whole  world  ablaze  with  his  own  glory/ 
(Hudson.) 

I.  iii.  126.    Pompey's  porch.    A  magnificent  colon- 
nade or  portico  surrounding  an  open  area  which  con- 
tained   avenues    of    sycamore    trees,    fountains,    and 
statues;   it  was   attached  to   Pompey's  theatre    (line 
152),  in  the  Campus  Martius,  the  first  stone  theatre 
to  be  erected  in  Rome. 

II.  i.    15.       Crown    him   that.       'Once   make   him 
that  —  i.e.,  once  let  him  become  the  full-grown  adder  — 
by  crowning  him,  and  then  I  realize  that  we  shall  be 
rendering  actual  a  peril   (sting)   which  now  is  only 


102.  The  Tragedy  of 

potential  and  latent/  Emendations  seem  unneces- 
sary, though  many  have  been  proposed  and  few  edi- 
tors retain  the  Folio  and  Quarto  punctuation  given 
in  the  present  text. 

II.  i.  59.  fourteen.  This  is  Theobald's  generally 
accepted  emendation  of  the  Folio  and  Quarto  reading, 
'fifteen/  To  Brutus  (line  40)  it  is  still  the  night  of 
the  fourteenth.  If  'fifteen*  days  were  indeed  'wasted/ 
i.e.,  gone,  then  the  ides  too  would  be  gone, — which  is 
just  what  the  Soothsayer  points  out  that  they  are 
not  (III.  i.  2). 

II.  i.  61,  62.  Literally  interpreted,  this  statement 
is  incredible,  if  we  stop  to  reflect  that  a  month  has 
passed  since  I.  ii;  Brutus  then  can  mean  merely  'I 
have  not  slept  well/  But  as  a  rule  we  do  not  stop  to 
reflect  thus  mathematically,  and  so  we  have  the  im- 
pression that  'Cassius  first  did  whet'  Brutus  'against 
Caesar'  only  a  night  or  two  before  and  that  Brutus' 
sleeplessness  has  not  been  superhumanly  protracted; 
for  seemingly  'Brought  you  Caesar  home?'  (I.  iii.  1) 
means  home  from  the  Lupercal  (I.  ii),  and  Casca 
himself  in  I.  iii  is  returning  from  his  dinner  engage- 
ment on  the  night  of  the  Lupercal  (I.  ii.  294),  so  that 
I.  iii  apparently  follows  I.  ii  without  any  interval; 
while  II.  i  apparently  follows  I.  iii  with  almost  equal 
immediacy,  for  in  their  last  conversation  (on  stage: 
I.  ii.  308-312)  Brutus  and  Cassius  arranged  to  meet 
again  at  Brutus'  home  'to-morrow,'  and  hence  (II.  i. 
70  ff.)  we  have  their  first  meeting  (on  stage)  since 
that  time.  This  device,  whereby  Shakespeare  secures 
an  impression  of  rapid,  uninterruptedly  continuous 
action  while  unobtrusively  supplying  to  reflection  all 
needed  data  for  the  determination  of  the  actual  his- 
torical intervals  involved,  is  known  as  the  phenome- 
non of  'Double  Time,'  and  is  well  shown  further  in 
Acts  IV  and  V  of  this  play.  The  Short  or  Dramatic 
Time-scheme  maintains  the  tension  of  the  passion, 


Julius  Ccesar  103 

while  the  Long  or  Historic  Time-scheme  satisfies  the 
requirements  of  the  analytical  reason;  but,  needless 
to  say,  this  curious  phenomenon  is  noticeable  only  in 
the  study,  never  in  the  theatre.  (Cf.  'Shakespeare's 
Legerdemain  with  Time  in  Julius  Ccesar/  Poet  Lore, 
XI,  1899.) 

II.  i.  250.  humour.  There  were  supposed  to  be 
four  fundamental  'humours'  or  fluids  (from  the  Latin 
'humor/  liquid)  in  the  human  body,  viz.,  blood, 
phlegm,  yellow  bile,  and  black  bile;  and  an  over- 
proportion  of  one  of  these  elements  in  the  system 
made  the  disposition  predominantly  sanguine,  phleg- 
matic, choleric,  or  melancholy^  respectively.  So,  to 
the  mediaeval  and  renaissance  mind,  'humour'  might 
mean  literally  'moisture,'  as  in  line  262 ;  or  it  might 
account  for  mental  or  physical  disorder,  as  in  the 
present  line;  or  it  might  refer  to  the  more  trivial 
temperamental  eccentricity  resulting  from  the  funda- 
mental derangement,  as  in  II.  ii.  56. 

II.  ii.  89.  For  tinctures,  stains,  relics,  and  cogni- 
zance. The  generally  accepted  interpretation  explains 
these  terms  in  the  very  spirit  of  Calpurnia's  dream, 
i.e.,  as  the  appropriate  concomitants  of  martyrdom; 
but  surely  nothing  could  be  further  from  Caesar's 
desire  or  Decius'  intention.  Consequently,  the  gloss 
attempts  to  give  meanings  more  in  keeping  with  the 
manifest  purpose  of  Decius  as  shown  in  the  rest  of 
his  speech,  and  with  the  obvious  requirements  of  the 
situation:  i.e.,  Caesar's  blood  is  to  provide  metaphori- 
cal living  blessings,  rather  than  literal  physical  souve- 
nirs of  death. 

II.  ii.  128.  That  every  'like'  is  not  fthe  same.'  The 
heart  of  Brutus  grieves  to  realize  that  specious  re- 
semblance is  not  genuine  identity;  that  appearances 
(of  friendship,  as  in  the  amicable  ceremony  of  taking 
wine  together)  are  deceptive;  that  the  conspirators, 
who  seem  'like  friends'  (line  127),  are  so  far  from 


104  The  Tragedy  of 

being  truly  Caesar's  friends  that  they  are  on  the  very 
point  of  putting  him  to  death. 

III.  i.  S.  d.  Before  the  Capitol.  In  the  original 
texts  there  is  no  stage  direction  in  this  scene  before 
'They  stab  Caesar/  at  line  76,  other  than  the  opening 
direction:  'Flourish.  Enter  Caesar,  Brutus/  and  the 
rest.  Yet  lines  11,  12  show  that  the  action  takes 
place  outdoors;  while  lines  81,  79,  115,  119,  etc.,  as 
well  as  the  familiar  tradition  and  all  pictorial  repre- 
sentations, show  that  the  murder  takes  place  indoors. 
Of  course,  there  was  no  difficulty  here  on  the  Eliza- 
bethan stage:  the  action  of  the  first  12  lines  would 
take  place  on  the  fore-stage,  and  then  Caesar  would 
withdraw  and  seat  himself  on  the  dais  or  inner  stage 
at  the  rear,  with  the  Senators  grouped  about  him  and 
the  approaching  conspirators  between  him  and  the 
audience.  Except  for  the  standardization  of  the  text 
established  by  the  almost  unbroken  succession  of  edi- 
tors who  have  left  this  dilemma  unamended,  there 
would  seem  to  be  no  reason  why  the  procedure  fol- 
lowed in  the  precisely  similar  dilemma  in  IV.  ii  and 
iii  should  not  be  adopted  here:  there  the  action  out- 
side Brutus'  tent  is  assigned  to  a  brief  Scene  Two, 
while  the  action  inside  the  tent  is  very  properly  as- 
signed to  a  long  separate  scene,  Scene  Three.  It 
must  be  remembered  that  all  the  Scene-divisions  in 
this  play  have  had  to  be  determined  by  modern  edi- 
tors, there  being  nothing  but  Act-divisions  in  the 
Folios  after  the  initial  'Scaena  Prima.' 

Capitol.  Shakespeare  placed  the  killing  of  Caesar 
in  the  Capitol  on  account  of  the  established  popular 
and  literary  tradition  to  that  effect ;  cf .,  e.g.,  Chaucer, 
The  Monkes  Tale,  713-718,  and  Hamlet,  III.  ii.  109- 
112.  In  reality  Caesar  was  assassinated  in  the  Curia 
Pompeiana,  a  great  hall  adjoining  the  portico  of  Pom- 
pey's  theatre  (cf.  note  on  I.  iii.  126).  This  Curia 


Julius  Ccesar  105 

was  used  for  meetings  of  the  Senate  and  was  de- 
stroyed in  the  grief  and  rage  over  Caesar's  death,  but 
the  colossal  statue  of  Pompey  which  it  had  contained 
(cf.  line  115)  was  saved. 

III.  i.  47,  48.  Know,  Ccesar  doth  not  wrong.  Ben 
Jonson  quoted  in  his  Discoveries,  first  printed  in  1641, 
an  alternative  version  of  this  line:  'Caesar  did  never 
wrong  but  with  just  cause/  Jonson  ridiculed  this 
sentence  as  an  'Irish  bull' — unjustly:  for  'wrong* 
means  not  only  'error,  mistake/  but  also  'harm,  in- 
jury' (as  in  line  242  in  this  very  scene).  Some  few 
editors  have  incorporated  Jonson's  version  of  this 
line  in  the  text,  following  it  up  with  'Nor  without 
cause  will  he  be  satisfied/  on  the  hypothesis  that 
Jonson  was  quoting  either  an  early  Quarto  version 
which  has  since  disappeared,  or  at  least  the  acting 
version  current  in  Shakespeare's  lifetime  which  was 
unwarrantably  changed  by  the  editors  of  the  First 
Folio. 

III.  i.  59.  //  I  could  pray  to  move,  prayers  would 
move  me.  'If  I  were  as  weak  as  you  are,  and  in  the 
position  of  looking  up  to  someone  more  powerful  than 
myself  and  entreating  him  to  change  his  mind,  why 
then  I  should  perhaps  be  weak  enough  likewise  to 
change  my  own  mind  on  account  of  mere  empty  en- 
treaties; but  happily  I  am  as  far  above  one  alter- 
native as  the  other,  for,'  etc. 

III.  i.  174.  This  line  has  given  the  commentators 
much  trouble,  and  many  emendations  have  been  pro- 
posed for  the  puzzling  phrase  'in  strength  of  malice' — 
such  as  'exempt  from  malice,'  'in  strength  of  amity,' 
etc.  If  the  Folio  reading  is  to  be  preserved  un- 
changed, the  word  'malice'  must  clearly  be  emptied 
of  all  its  usual  meaning,  for  Brutus  could  never  have 
applied  such  a  term  to  any  action  by  the  conspirators 
after  his  overwhelming  repudiation  of  'envy'  and 
similar  emotions  in  II.  i.  162-183;  and  the  word 


106 The  Tragedy  of 

'malice,'  free  from  its  usual  sinister  implications,  ap- 
parently does  occur  elsewhere  in  Shakespeare  (e.g., 
Macbeth,  III.  ii.  14,  25,  and  perhaps  John,  II.  i.  251), 
and  is  recognized  by  the  Oxford  Dictionary,  in  the 
sense  of  'power,  capacity/  Cf.  the  note,  in  this  edi- 
tion, on  Macbeth,  III.  ii.  14.  But  even  so,  that  inter- 
pretation gives  a  very  inferior  meaning  to  the  phrase 
now  under  discussion,  little  better  than  tautology  and 
not  very  appropriate  to  the  spirit  of  the  context. 
The  present  editor  therefore  ventures  to  suggest  as 
an  emendation  here  'instranged'  (of  the  use  of  which 
N.  E.  D.  gives  an  example  dated  1586),  a  variant  of 
'enstranged'  (N.  E.  D.:  Caxton,  1483),  meaning 
'estranged,  far  removed,  deprived/  etc.  This  rare 
word,  'instranged/  unfamiliar  to  the  compositor's  eye 
or  ear,  would  be  very  naturally  sophisticated  into 
'in  strength/  while  it  supplies  exactly  the  sense 
needed  in  the  passage;  viz.,  'Our  arms  free  from 
malice,  and  our  hearts  of  brothers'  temper,  do  receive 
you  in/  etc. 

III.  i.  273.  dogs  of  war.  Most  editors  explain 
the  'dogs'  literally  and  specifically  as  'fire,  sword,  and 
famine/  on  the  strength  of  Henry  V,  I.  Prologue  8. 
But  why  should  not  the  phrase  be  merely  a  general 
poetic  metaphor — on  the  analogy  of  'dove  of  peace* — 
designed  to  suggest  all  the  nameless  horrors  that  re- 
sult when  the  destructive  energies  of  ruthless  warfare 
are  unpent? 

III.  ii.  178.  That  day  he  overcame  the  Nervii.  It 
was  in  the  summer  of  57  B.  C.  that  this  most  warlike 
of  Belgic  tribes  was  defeated,  in  the  battle  of  the 
Sambre.  The  Nervii  made  a  successful  surprise  at- 
tack, and  only  Caesar's  personal  bravery  saved  the 
day.  Cf.  De  Bello  Galileo,  II.  15-28.  This  victory 
is  prominently  featured  in  North's  Plutarch  (see 
Appendix  A),  and  was  celebrated  at  Rome  with  un- 
precedented thanksgivings  and  rejoicings. 


Julius  Ccesar  107 

III.  ii.  247.  drachmas.  These  were  Greek  silver 
coins,  of  a  value  impossible  to  compute  accurately  in 
terms  of  modern  currency.  In  purchasing  power  the 
bequest  would  perhaps  be  equivalent  to-day  to  some- 
thing over  $100  per  citizen. 

III.  ii.  254.     On  this  side  Tiber.     The  gardens  lay 
across  the  Tiber  from  the  Forum  in  which  Antony  was 
speaking,   but    'on   this   side'    from   the   French   and 
English    standpoint    of    Amyot    and    North — whom 
Shakespeare  too  literally  follows. 

IV.  i.  37.     one   that  feeds  On  objects,  arts,  and 
imitations  Which,  out  of  use  and  stal'd  by  other  men, 
Begin  his  fashion.     The  Folio  text  here  is  at  least  as 
satisfactory   as    any   emendation,   if  the  punctuation 
makes  it  evident  that  the  disputed  'objects,  arts,  and 
imitations'  are  immediately  defined  by  the  restrictive 
relative  clause  that   follows.     Despite  his  unbridled 
passions,    Antony    is    eminently    a    practical    politi- 
cian,— as  witness  the  form  of  Cassius'  bribe  offered 
to   him   after   Brutus'    futile   expression   of   idealism 
(III.   i.    177,    178) ;    and   witness    also   his    masterly 
manipulation  of  the  conspirators  and  the  mob,  in  III. 
i  and  III.  ii.     He  scorns  Lepidus  then  for  so  lacking 
personality,  initiative,  shrewdness,  and  judgment  that 
he  takes  even  the  superficial  embellishments  of  life 
at   second  hand,   unable  to   distinguish  between  the 
true  values  and  the  sham.      (Staunton's  emendation 
would  substitute  'abjects,'  meaning  'discarded  scraps,' 
and  'orts,'  meaning  'leavings.') 

IV.  i.  48,  49.  we  are  at  the  stake,  And  bay'd  about 
with  many  enemies.  This  refers  to  the  very  popu- 
lar but  very  brutal  Elizabethan  amusement  of  bear- 
baiting,  wherein  the  bear  was  chained  to  a  stake  in 
the  center  of  the  'bear-garden'  or  arena  (the  best- 
known  one  was  situated  close  by  the  Globe  Theatre) 
and  attacked  by  a  number  of  dogs. 


108  The  Tragedy  of 

IV.  iii.  S.  d.  For  the  'Enter'  of  modern  editions 
the  Folios  and  Quartos  have  'Manet'  or  'Manent.' 
I.e.,  as  explained  in  the  note  on  III.  i.  S.  d.,  no  new 
scene  was  necessary  here  on  the  Elizabethan  stage: 
the  armies  marched  off  and  Brutus  and  Cassius  simply 
'remained'  in  conference,  but  the  locality  none  the 
less  was  supposed  to  shift  to  the  inside  of  Brutus' 
tent. 

IV.  iii.  20,  21.  What  villain  touch' d  his  body,  that 
did  stab,  And  not  for  justice?  'What  one  of  the  con- 
spirators was  such  a  villain  that  he  stabbed  Caesar 
from  any  other  motive  than  for  justice's  sake?' 
Brutus  means,  of  course,  to  imply  that  there  was 
none  such  then,  and  they  must  be  doubly  careful  to 
avoid  giving  ground  for  any  such  imputation  now. 

IV.  iii.  25,  26.  The  infinite  spiritual  extent  of  true 
honor  is  contrasted  with  the  petty  material  extent  of 
a  handful  of  money. 

IV.  iii.  28.  Brutus,  bay  not  me.  'Bay'  (Theo- 
bald's widely  accepted  emendation  of  the  Folio  read- 
ing 'bait')  is  a  savage  and  threatening  quibble  on 
Cassius'  part:  'Don't  bark  at  me,  Brutus,  and  don't 
bring  me  to  bay  either  (cf.  note  on  IV.  i.  48,  49), 
hedging  me  in  with  snarling  accusations  and  goading 
me  on  with  taunts,  or  I'll  turn  on  you  and  then  it  will 
be  the  worse  for  you.'  'Bait'  can  be  given  almost  the 
same  interpretation,  with  reference  to  bear-baiting, 
but  misses  the  neat  repartee  in  the  repeated  'bay.' 

IV.  iii.  101.  Pluto's.  As  god  of  the  infernal 
regions,  Pluto  might  well  be  supposed  to  command 
great  wealth.  As  Milton  says,  'Let  none  admire  That 
riches  grow  in  Hell;  that  soil  may  best  Deserve  the 
precious  bane.'  Many  editors,  however,  prefer  to 
follow  Pope  in  reading  'Plutus','  the  god  of  riches. 
Confusion  between  the  two  occurred  in  classical  times 
as  well  as  in  Elizabethan. 

IV.  iii.  109-112.     This  badly  mixed  metaphor  can 


Julius  Ccesar  109 

be  straightened  out  if  we  punctuate  lamb, — '  and  in- 
terpret 'That*  as  'With  one  that,  with  a  man  who/ 
thus:  'O  Cassius,  you  are  associated  with  a  mere 
lamb, — with  a  man  whose  anger  is  as  negative  and 
latent  as  the  fire  in  a  flint,  which  needs  a  hard  blow 
before  showing  any  flame  at  all  and  even  then  yields 
only  a  momentary  spark/ 

IV.  iii.  152.  grief.  The  grammatical  construction 
breaks  down  here  (though  the  sense  is  clear  enough), 
unless  we  (1)  construe  'grief  with  'impatient  of  in 
the  preceding  line,  thus:  'Unable  to  endure  my  ab- 
sence and  her  own  sorrow  over  Antony's  success' ; 
or  (2)  read  'grieved*  for  'grief/  thus:  'Impatient  and 
grieved,  in  this  situation  she  fell  distract,'  etc. 

IV.  iii.  183.     Nothing,  Messala.     Various  more  or 
less    plausible   attempts   have   been  made   to   defend 
Brutus  from  this  most  unpleasant  appearance  of  de- 
ceiving Messala  in  order  to  win  applause  for  his  forti- 
tude  under   affliction,   but  the   best   way   out   of   the 
difficulty  lies  in  accepting  the  suggestion  of  J.  Resch 
that  two  alternative  versions  of  Brutus'  stoical  con- 
duct have  been  accidentally  taken  over  into  the  Folio 
text  from  the  MS.  or  prompt-book  copy. 

V.  i.  53.     three-and-thirty .     According  to  North's 
Plutarch  the  number  of  Caesar's  wounds  was  three- 
and-twenty,  and  several  editors  have  followed  Theo- 
bald in  making  the  somewhat  meticulous  correction. 

V.  i.  111-115.  In  these  lines  Brutus  has  been 
charged  by  many  critics  with  flatly  contradicting  his 
declaration  against  suicide  in  lines  101-108;  but  the 
inconsistency  disappears  if  the  significance  of  lines 
113,  114  be  grasped  (by  a  proper  interpretation  of 
'Must')  as  merely  restating  the  stoical  fatalism  of 
lines  106-108,  for  Brutus  really  says  simply  this: 
'No,  Cassius,  you  are  an  Epicurean  and  do  not  under- 
stand, and  I  cannot  take  the  time  now  to  explain 


The  Tragedy  of 


things  to  you.  No,  I  bear  too  great  a  mind  ever  to 
go  bound  to  Rome:  but  (my  mere  human  mind  does 
not  have  to  settle  this  point,  for)  this  same  day  Must 
(i.e.,  will  certainly)  end  that  work  the  ides  of  March 
begun.'  I.e.,  'I  do  not  have  to  alter  my  resolution 
against  suicide  for  Fate  will  decide,  and  to-day  either 
we  shall  kill  Caesar's  usurping  successors  as  we  killed 
Caesar  himself,  or  we  shall  ourselves  die  fighting  and 
thus  even  the  score,  pay  the  reckoning,  for  Caesar's 
death/  This,  as  Hunter  points  out,  is  Brutus'  expres- 
sion of  mere  speculative  theory:  if,  like  Hamlet,  he 
does  not  live  up  to  his  professed  principles  and  ab- 
stract resolution  when  the  actual  test  comes,  that  is 
but  part  of  his  tragic  failure. 

V.  iii.  109,  110.  The  'second  fight'  really  took 
place  twenty  days  later.  Cf.  note  on  I.  i.  35. 

V.  iv.  7.  No  speaker's  name  precedes  this  speech 
in  the  Folios,  and  it  is  accordingly  assigned  to  Brutus 
on  the  strength  of  modern  editorial  authority  only. 
Some  editors,  however,  would  assign  it  to  Lucilius, 
in  order  to  prepare  the  audience  for  his  assumption 
of  the  role  of  Brutus  in  lines  12-14  below. 

V.  iv.  13,  14.  Many  editors  supply  a  stage  direc- 
tion [Offering  money']  to  explain  'There  is  so  much'; 
but  surely  there  would  be  little  sense  in  offering  to 
give  part,  where  all  would  naturally  fall  to  his  slayer. 
So  Lucilius  presumably  meant  simply  this:  'I  yield 
only  to  ensure  dying  at  once:  and  there  is  so  much 
reason  for  my  death  and  so  much  advantage  in  it 
for  you  that  you  will  doubtless  kill  me  immediately; 
for  you  have  only  to  kill  me,  i.e.,  Brutus,  in  order  to 
win  great  honor  and  rewards.' 

V.  v.  2,  3.  This  passage  is  somewhat  obscure 
without  its  original  context  in  North's  Plutarch: 
'Brutus  thought  that  there  was  no  great  number  of 
men  slain  in  battle:  and  to  know  the  truth  of  it,  there 
was  one  called  Statilius,  that  promised  to  go  through 


Julius  Ccesar 


his  enemies,  for  otherwise  it  was  impossible  to  go  see 
their  camp:  and  from  thence,  if  all  were  well,  that 
he  would  lift  up  a  torch-light  in  the  air,  and  then 
return  again  with  speed  to  him/  —  Life  of  Brutus. 

V.  v.  71,  72.  'He  consented  to  join  them  only  on 
impersonal  principles  of  honor  and  in  the  hope  of 
promoting  the  welfare  of  all/ 


APPENDIX  A 
SOURCES  OF  THE  PLAY 

There  were,  of  course,  earlier  plays  in  Elizabethan 
England  on  the  subject  of  Caesar's  career  (Hens- 
lowe's  Diary  attests  their  popularity  in  the  1590's) 
and  they  may  well  have  influenced  Shakespeare's 
work.  For  a  careful  study  of  these  possibilities,  see 
H.  M.  Ayres*  'Shakespeare's  Julius  Ccesar  in  the 
Light  of  Some  Other  Versions'  (Pub.  Mod.  Lang. 
Assoc.  of  America,  1910).  Dr.  A.  Boecker  also  has 
put  forward  an  elaborate  effort  to  establish  Shake- 
speare's indebtedness  to  Orlando  Pescetti's  'II 
Cesare,'  a  tragedy  running  to  nearly  four  thousand 
lines  of  verse  and  published  in  Verona  in  1594,  2d  ed. 
1604  ('A  Probable  Italian  Source  of  Shakespeare's 
Julius  Ccesar/  N.  Y.  Univ.  Dissertation,  1913).  But 
after  all  due  allowances  have  been  made  for  this  sort 
of  influence,  and  for  the  less  important  possibility  of 
indebtedness  to  classic  authors  such  as  Appian,  it  still 
remains  true  that  the  great  source  of  the  play  is  'The 
«K  Lives  of  the  Noble  Grecians  and  Romanes,  Compared 
together  by  that  grave  learned  Philosopher  and  His- 
toriographer, Plutarke  of  Chaeronea:  Translated  out 
of  Greeke  into  French  by  lames  Amyot  .  .  .  and  out 
of  French  into  Englishe,  by  Thomas  North.  Im- 
printed at  London  .  .  .  1579,'  2d  ed.  1595,  3d  ed. 
1603.  To  this  famous  and  splendid  monument  of 
Elizabethan  prose  Shakespeare  owes  the  whole  action 
or  plot  of  the  play,  the  separate  incidents,  many  per- 
sonal details  of  characterization,  some  few  errors 
in  fact,  and  occasional  verbal  suggestions:  but  his 
supreme  skill  in  selecting,  rejecting,  combining,  and 
arranging  historical  material  has  rarely  been  shown 


Julius  Ccesar 


to  better  advantage  than  in  his  handling  of  the  three 
'Lives'  on  which  he  drew,  —  those,  namely,  of  Caesar, 
Brutus,  and  Antony;  while  his  power  of  poetic  and 
dramatic  transformation  will  appear  upon  comparing 
Act  III,  Scene  i  with  the  following  typical  passage 
from  North: 

Tor  these  things,  they  may  seem  to  come  by 
chance:  but  the  place  where  the  murther  was  pre- 
pared, and  where  the  Senate  were  assembled,  and 
where  also  there  stood  up  an  image  of  Pompey  dedi- 
cated by  him  selfe  amongest  other  ornaments  which 
he  gave  unto  the  Theater:  all  these  were  manifest 
proofes,  that  it  was  the  ordinaunce  of  some  god  that 
made  this  treason  to  be  executed,  specially  in  that 
very  place.  It  is  also  reported  that  Cassius  (though 
otherwise  hee  did  favour  the  doctrine  of  Epicurus} 
beholding  the  image  of  Pompey,  before  they  entred 
into  the  action  of  their  traiterous  enterprise;  hee  did 
softly  call  uppon  it  to  aide  him.  But  the  instant 
danger  of  the  present  time,  taking  away  his  former 
reason,  did  sodainly  put  him  into  a  furious  passion, 
and  made  him  like  a  man  halfe  besides  him  selfe. 
Now  Antonius,  that  was  a  faithfull  friend  to  Ccesar, 
and  a  valiant  man  besides  of  his  handes,  him  Decius 
Brutus  Albinus  entertained  out  of  the  Senate  house, 
having  begunne  a  long  tale  of  set  purpose.  (J3o  Ccesar  ^ 
comming  into  the  house,  all  the  Senate  stood  up  on 
their  feete  to  doe  him  honorf)  The  part  of  Brutus 
company  and  confederates  stoode  round  about  Caesars 
chayre,  and  part  of  them  also  came  towardes  him,  as 
though  they  made  sute  with  Metellus  Cimber,  to  call 
home  his  brother  againe  from  banishment:  and  thus 
prosecuting  still  their  sute,  they  followed  Ccesar,  till 
hee  was  set  in  his  chaire.  Who,  denying  their  peti- 
tions, and  being  offended  with  them  one  after  an 
other,  because  the  more  they  were  denied  the  more 
they  pressed  uppon  him,  and  were  the  earnester  with 


The  Tragedy  of 


him:  Metellus  at  length,  taking  his  gowne  with  both 
his  hands,  pulled  it  over  his  necke,  which  was  the 
signe  given  the  confederats  to  set  uppon  him.  Then 
Casca,  behinde  him,  strake  him  in  the  necke  with  his 
sword,  howbeit  the  wound  was  not  great  nor  mortall, 
because  it  seemed  the  feare  of  such  a  devilish  attempt 
did  amaze  him  and  take  his  strength  from  him,  that 
he  killed  him  not  at  the  first  blow.  But  Ccesar  turn- 
ing straight  unto  him,  caught  hold  of  his  sword,  and 
held  it  hard:  &  they  both  cried  out,  Ccesar  in  Latin: 
O  vile  traitor  Casca,  what  doest  thou?  And  Casca  in 
Greeke  to  his  brother,  brother,  helpe  mee.  At  the 
beginning  of  this  stur,  they  that  were  present,  not 
knowing  of  the  conspiracy,  were  so  amazed  with  the 
horrible  sight  they  saw:  they  had  no  power  to  flie, 
neither  to  helpe  him,  not  so  much,  as  once  to  make 
an  outcry.  They  on  the  other  side  that  had  conspired 
his  death  compassed  him  in  on  everie  side  with  their 
swords  drawen  in  their  hands,  that  Ccesar  turned  him 
no  where  but  hee  was  stricken  at  by  some,  and  still 
had  naked  swords  in  his  face,  and  was  hacked  and 
mangled  among  them,  as  a  wilde  beast  taken  of 
hunters.  For  it  was  agreede  among  them,  that  every 
man  should  give  him  a  wound,  because  all  their  parts 
should  be  in  this  murther:  and  then  Brutus  gave  him 
one.  .  .  .  Men  report  also,  that  Ccesar  did  still  de- 
fende  him  selfe  against  the  rest,  running  every  way 
with  his  body:  but  when  he  saw  Brutus  with  his 
sword  drawen  in  his  hand,  then  he  pulled  his  gowne 
over  his  head,  and  made  no  more  resistaunce,  and  was 
driven  either  casually,  or  purposedly,  by  the  counsell 
of  the  conspirators,  against  the  base  whereupon  Pom- 
peys  image  stoode,  which  ran  all  of  a  goare  bloud  till 
he  was  slain.  Thus  it  seemed  that  the  image  tooke 
just  revenge  of  Pompeys  enemy,  being  throwen  downe 
on  the  ground  at  his  feete,  and  yeelding  up  his  ghost 
there,  for  the  number  of  wounds  he  had  upon  him. 


Julius  Caesar  n  5 

For  it  is  reported,  that  he  had  three  and  twenty 
wounds  upon  his  body:  and  divers  of  the  conspirators 
did  hurt  themselves,  striking  one  body  with  so  many 
blowes.  When  Ccesar  was  slaine,  the  Senate  (though 
Brutus  stood  in  the  middest  amongst  them,  as  though 
he  would  have  saied  somewhat  touching  this  fact) 
presently  ran  out  of  the  house,  and  flying,  filled  all 
the  city  with  marvellous  feare  and  tumult/  (From 
'The  Life  of  Julius  Caesar/  North's  2d  ed.,  1595,  as 
quoted  by  Furness,  pp.  300,  301.) 


APPENDIX  B 
THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  PLAY 

The  earliest  extant  version  of  Shakespeare's  Julius 
Ccesar  is  that  found  in  the  famous  First  Folio  col- 
lected edition  of  his  plays,  published  in  1623,  which 
therefore  necessarily  forms  the  basis  of  all  modern 
texts;  for  the  only  known  Quarto  editions  belong  to 
the  late  Restoration  period  and  so,  unfortunately, 
have  little  critical  value  for  the  solution  of  the  prob- 
lems presented  by  the  original  text.  It  seems  fairly 
certain  now  that  Julius  Ccesar  was  written  and  first 
produced  in  1599,  for  on  the  twenty-first  of  Septem- 
ber in  that  year  a  German  traveller  witnessed  a  per- 
formance of  what  was  presumably  Shakespeare's  play 
at  the  Globe  Theatre  (cf.  'Londoner  Theater  und 
Schauspiele  im  Jahre  1599,'  G.  Binz,  Anglia,  xxii, 
456,  1899).  The  next  performance  that  we  can  date 
seems  to  have  taken  place  at  court  early  in  1613,  the 
next  at  St.  James',  January  31,  1636-7,  and  the  next 
at  the  Cockpit,  November  13,  1638 ;  but  that  the  popu- 
larity of  the  play  was  far  greater  than  these  meagre 
records  suggest  is  attested  by  various  kinds  of  evi- 
dence, from  Henslowe's  effort  to  capitalize  its  success 


The  Tragedy  of 


by  producing  a  rival  Caesar  play,  in  1602,  to  Digges' 
striking  tribute  prefixed  to  the  First  Folio.1 

After  the  Restoration,  Julius  Ccesar  is  one  of  the 
three  Shakespearean  dramas  listed  by  Downes  ('Ros- 
cius  Anglicanus,'  1708)  among  the  *  Principal  Old 
Stock  Plays'  given  by  Killigrew's  company  in  the 
1660's.  Charles  Hart  (d.  1683),  grandson  of  Shake- 
speare's sister  Joan,  was  the  great  Brutus  of  this 
period,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  famous  Thomas 
Betterton  (1635  P-1710)  ;  it  is  Betterton's  cast  (see 
the  frontispiece  to  the  present  volume)  that  is  given 
in  the  six  Quarto  editions  published  between  1684  and 
1691,  evidently  printed  as  playgoers'  guides  (cf. 
'Quarto  Editions  of  Julius  Ccesar,'  by  Miss  H.  C. 
Bartlett,  The  Library,  1913). 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  Julius  Ccesar  is  one  of 
the  few  Shakespearean  plays  that  escaped  mutilation 
at  the  hands  of  so-called  adapters  or  revisers,  during 
the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  for  the 
abortive  efforts  in  1719  and  1722  had  no  success  or 
significance  (cf.  F.  W.  Kilbourne's  'Alterations  and 
Adaptations  of  Shakespeare/  Boston,  1906).  A 
plausible  sketch  by  Miss  C.  Porter  ('How  Shake- 
speare Set  and  Struck  the  Scene  for  Julius  Ccesar  in 
1599,'  Mod.  Lang.  Notes,  1916)  gives  a  pleasant 
glimpse  into  Elizabethan  stage  procedure,  and  Wil- 
liam Winter's  'Shakespeare  on  the  Stage'  (Second 
Series,  1915)  supplies  many  illuminating  hints  about 
the  stage  'business'  in  succeeding  and  modern  pro- 
ductions; while  Brander  Matthews  ('Shaksperian 
Stage  Traditions'  in  'Shaksperian  Studies,'  Columbia 
Univ.  Press,  1916)  gives  a  spirited  picture  of  the 
Meiningen  company's  remarkable  presentation  of  the 
Forum  scene  and  Antony's  oration. 

I'The  Shakspere  Allusion-Book'  lists  ten  (should  be 
eleven  ?  Digges,  p.  318,  is  not  indexed)  references  to  Julius 
Ccesar  down  to  1649,  and  twenty-five  more  between  1650 
and  1700. 


Julius  Ccesar  1 1 7 

In  the  early  eighteenth  century  Robert  Wilks 
(1665  P-1732),  the  friend  of  Farquhar,  was  a  bril- 
liant Antony,  while  Barton  Booth  (1681-1733)  and 
James  Quin  (1693-1766)  excelled  as  Brutus.  Garrick 
never  acted  in  Julius  Ccesar,  but  his  rival,  Spranger 
Barry  (1719-1777),  was  a  most  moving  Antony.  The 
famous  Peg  Woffington  (1714  p-1760)  appeared  as 
Portia  in  several  performances  about  1750,  but  be- 
cause the  part  is  such  a  minor  one  it  has  not  been 
taken  by  many  great  actresses  since  then.  Coming 
down  to  the  nineteenth  century,  we  find  all  the  great- 
est actors  appearing  in  the  play.  The  Kembles  and 
Young,  Macready  and  Davenport,  Wallack,  Charles 
Kean,  J.  B.  Booth,  Samuel  Phelps,  and  Beerbohm 
Tree  have  all  presented  one  or  more  of  the  four  lead- 
ing roles.  The  first  American  performance  was  given 
at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  April  20,  1774.  Edwin  Forrest 
and  John  Edward  McCullough  are  also  associated 
with  the  play,  as  are  Tyrone  Power,  William  Faver- 
sham,  and  Robert  Bruce  Mantell  in  our  own  time; 
but  the  crowning  achievement  in  America's  production 
of  Julius  Ccesar  will  always  be  the  magnificent 
double  triumph  of  Edwin  Booth  and  Lawrence  Bar- 
rett, in  the  '60's,  '70's,  and  '80's,  with  honorable 
mention,  perhaps,  of  Richard  Mansfield's  sombre  por- 
trayal of  Brutus'  tragic  loneliness,  beginning  October 
14,  1902.  It  is  not  easy  nowadays  to  realize  the 
power  and  effectiveness  attributed  by  tradition  to 
these  great  players  of  the  past,  but  fortunately  it  is 
still  possible  to  gain  some  impression  of  Edwin 
Booth's  thrilling  personal  magnetism  and  manifest 
genius  from  the  inspired  portrait  by  John  S.  Sargent 
in  the  Players'  Club,  New  York  City. 


APPENDIX  C 
THE  TEXT  OF  THE  PRESENT  EDITION 

The  text  of  the  present  volume  is,  by  permission  of 
the  Oxford  University  Press,  that  of  the  Oxford 
Shakespeare,  edited  by  the  late  W.  J.  Craig,  except 
for  the  following  deviations: 

1.  The  stage  directions  of  the   Folio  have  been 
restored  as   far  as   possible,  with  necessary  modern 
additions  in  square  brackets. 

2.  The    punctuation,    especially    in    the    use    of 
exclamation    points,    has    been    modernized,    and   the 
spelling  of  Calpurnia  brought  into  conformity  with 
current  usage. 

3.  The  only  significant  verbal  departures — usually 
in  the  direction  of  a  return  to  the  Folio — are  listed 
below,  the  readings  adopted  in  the  present  text  being 
placed  before  the  colon  while  Craig's  readings  follow 
it;  and  Folio  authority  is  given  wherever  involved: 

I.  i.  65  whether:  whe'r  (F  where) 

ii.  154  walks  F:  walls 

iii.  96  these  F:  those 

II.  i.  72  moe  F :  more 

275  you  are  F:  are  you 

283  or  F:  of 

ii.  76  statue  F:  statua 

III.  i.  31  Cces.  F:  Casca 

206  lethe  (Fl  Lethee  F4  Lethe) :  leth 

209  stricken  F2,  3,  4:  strucken   (Fl  stroken) 

ii.  S.  d.  etpas.  Plebeians  F:  Citizens 

193  statue  F:  statua 

IV.  i.  37  objects,  arts  F:  abject  orts 
iii.  13  speaks  (speakes  F):  speak 

101     Pluto's   F:   Plutus' 

V.  iii.  61     to  night  F:  to-night 

97     whether:  whe'r  (F  where) 
104     Thasos:  Thassos  (F  Tharsus) 
iv.  18     Brutus  is  ta'en,  Brutus  is  ta'en,  my  Lord 

F:  Brutus  is  ta'en,  my  lord 
30     whether:  whe'r  (F  where) 


APPENDIX  D 
SUGGESTIONS  FOR  COLLATERAL  READING 

Thomas  Rymer:  A  Short  View  of  Tragedy  .  .  . 
with  some  Reflections  on  Shakespear.  London,  1692- 
3.  (Chapter  viii  begins  with  some  twelve  pages  de- 
voted to  crude  ridicule  of  Julius  Ccesar.) 

John  Dennis:  On  the  Genius  and  Writings  of 
Shakespeare.  London,  1711.  (Reprinted  in  D. 
Nichol  Smith's  Eighteenth  Century  Essays  on  Shake- 
speare. Glasgow,  1903.  Early  appreciation  of  the 
Roman  plays,  disgruntled  by  pseudo-classical  bias.) 

William  Hazlitt:  Characters  of  Shakespear's  Plays. 
London,  1817.  (Reprinted  in  'Everyman's  Library/ 
Standard  criticism.) 

Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge:  Lectures  and  Notes  on 
Shakespeare  and  Other  English  Poets.  London,  v.  d. 
(Reprinted  in  'Everyman's  Library/  and  in  Bonn's 
Libraries.  A  landmark  in  modern  literary  criticism 
of  Shakespeare.) 

Henry  Norman  Hudson:  Lectures  on  Shakespeare. 
New  York,  1848.  (Very  full  and  sympathetic  inter- 
pretations of  character  and  action.) 

George  L.  Craik:  The  English  of  Shakespeare; 
illustrated  in  A  Philological  Commentary  on  his 
Julius  Ccesar.  Revised  ed.  by  W.  J.  Rolfe.  Boston, 
1867.  (The  most  detailed  commentary  on  the  text 
of  the  play.) 

Richard  G.  Moulton:  Shakespeare  as  a  Dramatic 
Artist.  Oxford,  1885.  (Contains  some  interesting 
theories  of  dramatic  construction,  with  two  chapters 
analyzing  Julius  Ccesar.) 

Frederick  S.  Boas :  Shakspere  and  his  Predecessors. 
New  York,  1896.  (A  useful  general  history,  with  a 


120  The  Tragedy  of  Julius  Ccesar 

noticeably  good  treatment  of  Julius  Ccesar  among  the 
discussions  of  the  separate  plays.) 

Thomas  R.  Lounsbury:  Shakespeare  and  Voltaire. 
New  York,  1902.  (A  rather  prolix  study  of  pseudo- 
classicism's  opposition  to  Shakespeare,  with  a  search- 
ing discussion  of  Voltaire's  revamping  of  Julius 
Ccesar.) 

C.  F.  Tucker  Brooke:  Shakespeare's  Plutarch.  Vol. 
I:  containing  The  Main  Sources  of  Julius  Ccesar. 
London,  1909.  (A  very  convenient  and  thorough  edi- 
tion of  North  for  the  student's  purposes.) 

M.  W.  MacCallum:  Shakespeare's  Roman  Plays 
and  their  Background.  London,  1910.  (An  elaborate 
and  comprehensive  work.) 

W.  F.  P.  Stockley:  Reading  Julius  Ccesar.  Dublin^ 
n.  d.  (By  no  means  first-class  in  quality,  but  offering 
many  helpful  suggestions  to  the  elementary-school 
teacher.) 

A.  DeV.  Tassin:  Julius  Ccesar,  in  Shaksperian 
Studies  by  Members  of  the  Department  of  English 
.  .  .  in  Columbia  University.  New  York,  1916.  (A 
fine  piece  of  appreciative  criticism,  though  one  may 
fail  to  concur  in  all  its  views.) 

H.  H.  Furness,  Jr.:  A  New  Variorum  Edition  of 
Shakespeare.  Vol.  XVII:  Julius  Ccesar.  Philadel- 
phia, 1913.  (For  the  faults  of  this  volume,  see  the 
present  writer's  article  in  Journal  of  English  and 
Germanic  Philology,  1919.) 


INDEX  OF  WORDS  GLOSSED 

(Figures  in  full-faced  type  refer  to  page-numbers) 


abide:  47  (III.  i.  94) 
accoutred:  8  (I.  ii.  105) 
action,     nor    utterance:     62 

(III.  ii.  226) 
address'd:  44  (III.  i.  29) 
affections:  23   (II.  i.  20) 
after   their    fashion:    17    (I. 

iii.  34) 

aim:  10   (I.  ii.  162) 
alchemy:  22   (I.  iii.  159) 
alive:  78   (IV.  iii.  195) 
all  over:  27   (II.  i.  112) 
along:  47   (III.  i.  115) 
an:  13  (I.  ii.  268) 
and  no:  26  (II.  i.  90) 
angel:  61   (III.  ii.  186) 
annoy:  28  (II.  i.  160) 
answer  .  .  .  made:  20  (I.  iii. 

114) 
answer  on  their  charge:   84 

(V.  i.  24) 
answer'd    (atoned    for) :    57 

(III.  ii.  86) 
answered    (faced):   68    (IV. 

i.  47) 
answered  (fulfilled) :  83  (V. 

i.  1) 

apace:  92   (V.  iii.  87) 
apparent:  30  (II.  i.  198) 
appoint:  67   (IV.  i.  30) 
apprehensive:  45  (III.  i.  67) 
apt  (impressionable) :  91  (V. 

iii.  68) 

apt  (ready) :  49  (III.  i.  160) 
are  to:  36  (II.  ii.  29) 
art  (theory):  78  (IV.  iii. 

193) 
arts  (works  of  art):  67  (IV. 

i.  37) 


as  (as  if):  87  (V.  i.  87) 
as  (expletive):  86  (V.  i.  72) 
as  (such  as):  10  (I.  ii.  173) 
as   (where):  26   (II.  i.  106) 
as  his  kind:  23  (II.  i.  33) 
at  once:  96  (V.  v.  39) 
at  the  stake:  68  (IV.  i.  48) 
Ate:  53  (III.  i.  271) 

barren-spirited:    67    (IV.    i. 

36) 

battles:  83  (V.  i.  4) 
bay   (bark  at):  71   (IV.  iii. 

27) 
bay'd   (brought  to  bay) :  50 

(III.  i.  204) 

be  not  deceiv'd:  6  (I.  ii.  37) 
be  out:  2  (I.  i.  18) 
be  patient   till  the  last:   55 

(III.  ii.  12) 

bear  ...  a  hand:  5  (I.  ii.  35) 
bear  his  comment:   71    (IV. 

iii.  8) 
bear  me  a  bang:  65  (III.  iii. 

20) 

bear  me  hard:  15  (I.  ii.  318) 
begin  his   fashion:   67    (IV. 

i.  39) 

beholding:  57  (III.  ii.  71) 
bend:  8   (I.  ii.  123) 
bending  .  .  .  expedition:  77 

(IV.  iii.  169) 
bestow    thy    time    with:    97 

(V.  v.  61) 

betimes:  27   (II.  i.  116) 
bills:  88  (V.  ii.  1) 
bird  of  night:  17  (I.  iii.  26) 
blood   ill-temper'd:   75    (IV. 

iii.  114) 


122 


The  Tragedy  of 


bloody  sign  of  battle:  84  (V. 

i.  14) 

bold:  26   (II.  i.  86) 
bootless:  46  (III.  i.  75) 
bosoms:  83  (V.  i.  7) 
bound  in:  79  (IV.  iii.  220) 
brav'd:  74  (IV.  iii.  95) 
break  with:  28  (II.  i.  150) 
brook'd:  10  (I.  ii.  158) 
brought:   16    (I.  iii.  1) 
Brutus  (Lucius  Junius):  10 

(I.  ii.  158) 
Brutus'  .  .  .  history:  96  (V. 

v.  39,  40) 

budge:  72  (IV.  iii.  44) 
but  I  will  do  so:  84   (V.  i. 

20) 

by  Caesar:  49  (III.  i.  162) 
by  him:  30  (II.  i.  218) 
by  this:  20  (I.  iii.  125) 
by  ...  whereof:  6  (I.  ii.  49) 
by  your  leave,  gods:  92  (V. 

iii.  89) 
by  your  pardon:  52  (III.  i. 

235) 

Caesar   doth   not   wrong:   45 

(III.  i.  47) 

calculate:  18  (I.  iii.  65) 
call  in  question:  77  (IV.  iii. 

164) 

Capitol:  43  (III.  i.  S.  d.) 
carrion     men      (rotting 

corpses):  53   (III.  i.  275) 
carrions  (wretches) :  27  (II. 

i.  130) 

cast  ...  in:  18  (I.  iii.  60) 
Cato:  33  (II.  i.  295);  87  (V. 

i.  102) 

cautelous:  27  (II.  i.  129) 
ceremonies:  3   (I.  i.  69) 
change:  91   (V.  iii.  51) 
charactery:  34   (II.  i.  308) 
charm:  32   (II.  i.  271) 
checked:  74  (IV.  iii.  96) 
chew:  10  (I.  ii.  170) 
chopped:  13  (I.  ii.  245) 


clean  from  the  purpose:  17 

(I.  iii.  35) 

climate:  17   (I.  iii.  32) 
close:  50  (III.  i.  202) 
closet:  23   (II.  i.  35) 
cobbler:  1  (I.  i.  11) 
cognizance:  38  (II.  ii.  89) 
cold  demeanour:   88    (V.  ii. 

4) 

Colossus:  9  (I.  ii.  135) 
colour:  23   (II.  i.  29) 
combined:  67   (IV.  i.  43) 
common  pulpits:  46  (III.  i. 

80) 
commons      (plebeians) :      59 

(III.  ii.  136) 
commons  (pasture)  :  67  (IV. 

i.  27) 

companion:  76  (IV.  iii.  137) 
complexion  .  .  .  element:  20 

(I.  iii.  128) 

conceited:  22  (I.  iii.  162) 
condemn'd  to  have:  71   (IV. 

iii.  10) 

conference:  11   (I.  ii.  187) 
confidence:  37   (II.  ii.  49) 
confines:  53   (III.  i.  272) 
consorted:  87  (V.  i.  83) 
constant:  44  (III.  i.  22) 
construe   (explain) :  34    (II. 

i.  307) 

construe   (read  meaning  in- 
to):  6  (I.  ii.  45) 
coronets:  12  (I.  ii.  238) 
corse:  50  (III.  i.  199) 
couchings:  44   (III.  i.  36) 
countenance:  22  (I.  iii.  159) 
courtesies:  44  (III.  i.  36) 
covert:  68  (IV.  i.  46) 
coward:  89    (V.  iii.  4) 
coward  lips   .   .   .   colour:   8 

(I.  ii.  122) 
crown  him  that:   23    (II.   i. 

15) 

cuU  out:  3  (I.  i.  53) 
curtsies:  45   (III.  i.  43) 


Julius  Ccesar 


123 


custom    of    fell    deeds:    53 

(III.  i.  269) 
cut  ...  charge:  66   (IV.  i. 

9) 
cynic:  75  (IV.  iii.  132) 

dearer:  74  (IV.  iii.  101) 
degrees:  23   (II.  i.  26) 
dint:  61   (III.  ii.  199) 
directly:  1   (I.  i.  12) 
disclos'd:  68  (IV.  i.  46) 
discomfort:  93   (V.  iii.  106) 
dishonour  .   .   .  humour:   74 

(IV.  iii.  108) 
disposing  .  .  .  dignities:  50 

(III.  i.  178) 

do  observe:  5  (I.  ii.  32) 
dogs  of  war:  53  (III.  i.  273) 
doublet:  13  (I.  ii.  267) 
drachmas:  63    (III.  ii.  247) 
drawing  days  out:  47   (III. 

i.  100) 
drawn  upon  a  heap:  16   (I. 

iii.  22,  23) 

elements:  98   (V.  v.  73) 
empty:  67  (IV.  i.  26) 
emulation:  40  (II.  iii.  14) 
end:  36   (II.  ii.  27) 
enforced:  56  (III.  ii.  43) 
engagements:  34  (II.  i.  307) 
enlarge:  70  (IV.  ii.  46) 
enrolled:  55  (III.  ii.  41) 
entertain:  97  (V.  v.  60) 
envy:  28  (II.  i.  164) 
Erebus:  25   (II.  i.  84) 
eruptions:  19  (I.  iii.  78) 
even    (equally   divided) :   84 

(V.  i.  17) 

even  (just) :  27  (II.  i.  133) 
even  with  (quick  as):  89 

(V.  iii.  19) 

exhalations:  24  (II.  i.  44) 
exigent:  84  (V.  i.  19) 
exorcist:  34  (II.  i.  323) 
extenuated:  56   (III.  ii.  42) 


face:  84  (V.  i.  10) 
face  of  men:  27  (II.  i.  114) 
faction:  25  (II.  i.  77) 
factious:  20   (I.  iii.  118) 
faU:  69  (IV.  ii.  26) 
falling-sickness:    13     (I.    ii. 

255) 

fam'd  with:  9  (I.  ii.  152) 
familiar  instances:   69    (IV. 

ii.  16) 
fashion   (mould):  30   (II.  i. 

220) 
fashion   (phrase):  23   (II.  i. 

30) 

fatal:  87  (V.  i.  88) 
favour:  7   (I.  ii.  91) 
fear:  29  (II.  i.  190) 
fearful:  19  (I.  iii.  78) 
fearful   bravery:    84    (V.    i. 

10) 
fell    distract:    76     (IV.    iii. 

154) 

fellow:  93  (V.  iii.  101) 
ferret:  11  (I.  ii.  185) 
field:  98  (V.  v.  80) 
figures:  31   (II.  i.  231) 
flatterers:  85   (V.  i.  44) 
fleering:  20  (I.  iii.  117) 
flourish:  7   (I.  ii.  78,  S.  d.) 
fond:  44  (III.  i.  39) 
for   (now  for):  65   (III.  iii. 

26) 
forc'd  affection:  79  (IV.  iii. 

204) 

force:  78  (IV.  iii.  202) 
formal  constancy:  31   (II.  i. 

227) 

former  ensign:  87  (V.  i.  80) 
forms:  63   (III.  ii.  264) 
fourteen:  24  (II.  i.  59) 
freedom  of  repeal:  45   (III. 

i.  54) 

freeman:  90  (V.  iii.  41) 
fret:  26  (II.  i.  104) 
from  .  .  .  kind:  18  (I.  iii.  64) 
from   the   main:    30    (II.    i. 

196) 


124 


The  Tragedy  of 


full  of  ...  honour:  68  (IV. 
ii.  12) 

gamesome:  5  (I.  ii.  28) 
general:  22  (II.  i.  12) 
general  coffers:  57    (III.  ii. 

95) 

genius:  24  (II.  i.  66) 
gentle:  98  (V.  v.  73) 
gently:  69  (IV.  ii.  31) 
get   the   start   of:    9    (I.   ii. 

130) 
give  .  .  .  accidental:  76  (IV. 

iii.  145) 

give  the  word:  68  (IV.  ii.  2) 
glasses:  30  (II.  i.  205) 
go  to:  71  (IV.  iii.  32) 
good  cheer:  46  (III.  i.  89) 
good  regard:  51  (III.  i. 
great  flood:  9  (I.  ii.  151) 
grief:  76  (IV.  iii.  152) 
griefs    (grievances) :   20    (I. 

iii.  118) 

growing  on:  26  (II.  i.  107) 
guilty  .  .  .  bastardy:  27  (II. 

i.  138) 

had  his  eyes:  6  (I.  ii.  62) 

hart:  50   (III.  i.  204) 

have  .  .  .  health:  72  (IV.  iii. 

36) 

havoc:  53   (III.  i.  273) 
he  hears  no  music:  11  (I.  ii. 


he   should   not  humour   me: 

15   (I.  ii.  320) 
hearts  of  controversy:  8  (I. 

ii.  109) 
held    Epicurus     strong:     86 

(V.  i.  77) 
her:  3  (I.  i.  49) 
hie:  21    (I.  iii.  150) 
high-sighted:  27  (II.  i.  118) 
hinds:  20  (I.  iii.  106) 
his:  8  (I.  ii.  124) 
hold,   my   hand:    20    (I.   iii. 

117) 


hold  thee  (wait) :  92  (V.  iii. 

85) 

holds  on:  46  (III.  i.  69) 
holes:  30  (II.  i.  205) 
hollow:  69   (IV.  ii.  23) 
honours  this  corruption:  71 

(IV.  iii.  15) 

hot  at  hand:  69  (IV.  ii.  23) 
how  ill  .  .  .  burns:  82   (IV. 

iii.  274) 

however:  15   (I.  ii.  304) 
humour      (disposition) :     30 

(II.  i.  210) 
humour   (whim) :  37   (II.  ii. 

56) 

hurtled:  36  (II.  ii.  22) 
Hybla:  85  (V.  i.  34) 

ides  of  March:  5   (I.  ii.  18) 
imitations:  67  (IV.  i.  37) 
impatient    of:    76    (IV.    iii. 

151) 

improve:  28  (II.  i.  159) 
in  a  general  honest  thought, 

etc.:  97   (V.  v.  71,  72) 
in  his  own  change:  68   (IV. 

ii.  7) 
in  ...  limitation:  33   (II.  i. 

283) 

in  our  black  .  .  .  proscrip- 
tion: 66  (IV.  i.  17) 
in  respect  of :  1  (I.  i.  10) 
in  ...  speed:  4  (I.  ii.  6) 
in  your  bad  strokes:  84  (V. 

i.  30) 

incorporate:  21   (I.  iii.  135) 
indifferently:  7   (I.  ii.  87) 
indirection:  73   (IV.  iii.  75) 
ingrafted:  29  (II.  i.  184) 
insuppressive:  27  (II.  i.  134) 
is  run  his  compass:  90   (V. 

iii.  25) 

is  to:  29  (II.  i.  187) 
issue:  54  (III.  i.  294) 
it  shall  have  scope:  74  (IV. 

iii.  107) 


Julius  Ccesar 


125 


jades:  69   (IV.  ii.  26) 
jealous    (doubtful):    10    (I. 

ii.   161) 
jealous   on    (suspicious   of) : 

7  (I.  ii.  71) 

jigging:  76   (IV.  iii.  136) 
just:  6  (I.  ii.  54) 

kerchief:  34  (II.  i.  315) 
knave:  80  (IV.  iii    240) 
knot:  47   (III.  i.  117) 
know  his   humour:   76    (IV. 
iii.  135) 

laboured  .   .   .  hour:  96    (V. 

v.  42) 
law  of  children:  44   (III.  i. 

39) 

leaden:  81   (IV.  iii.  267) 
learn'd  .  .  .  rote:  74  (IV.  iii. 

97) 

let  blood:  49  (III.  i.  152) 
let  slip:  53  (III.  i.  273) 
lethe:  51   (III.  i.  206) 
liable:  39  (II.  ii.  104) 
light:  90   (V.  iii.  31) 
like  (likely):  13   (I.  ii.  255) 
'like'   is   not   'the   same':   40 

(II.  ii.  128) 
listen:  67   (IV.  i.  41) 
live   (if  I  live):  49   (III.  i. 

159) 
lodge  to-night:   76    (IV.  iii. 

139) 

lost  .  .  .  bloods:  9  (I.  ii.  150) 
lottery:  27   (II.  i.  119) 
lover:  40  (II.  iii.  9) 
low-crooked:  45   (III.  i.  43) 
Lupercal:  3  (I.  i.  71) 

mace:  81  (IV.  iii.  267) 

made:  67  (IV.  i.  44) 

make  conditions:  71  (IV.  iii. 

32) 

make  forth:  84  (V.  i.  25) 
make  head:  67  (IV.  i.  42) 
malice:  49   (III.  i.  174) 


mark   of   favour:   25    (II.   i. 

76) 

marry:  12  (I.  ii.  228) 
mart:  71  (IV.  iii.  11) 
Marullus:  1   (I.  i.  S.  d.) 
me    (expletive) :    13    (I.    ii. 

267) 

mean:  49   (III.  i.  161) 
mechanical:  1   (I.  i.  3) 
meet:  10  (I.  ii.  169) 
melancholy's    child:    91    (V. 

iii.  67) 

merely:  6   (I.  ii.  39) 
mine  own:  89  (V.  iii.  2) 
mistrust  .  .  .  success:  91  (V. 

iii.  65) 

mock:  38  (II.  ii.  96) 
modesty:  51   (III.  i.  213) 
moe:  25   (II.  i.  72) 
monstrous   state:   18    (I.   iii. 

71) 

more  (else):  16  (I.  iii.  14) 
mortal  instruments:  24  (II. 

i.  66) 

mortified:  34  (II.  i.  324) 
most  like:  98  (V.  v.  79) 
motion:  24  (II.  i.  64) 
mov'd:  10  (I.  ii.  166) 
much:  81  (IV.  iii.  254) 
murderous:  81  (IV.  iii.  266) 
my  name:  11   (I.  ii.  198) 

napkins:  59  (III.  ii.  139) 
native:  25   (II.  i.  83) 
naughty:  1    (I.  i.  16) 
neat's  leather:  2  (I.  i.  28) 
new-added:  79  (IV.  iii.  208) 
nice:  71  (IV.  iii.  8) 
niggard  .   .   .  rest:  79    (IV. 

iii.  227) 

night-gown:  35  (II.  ii.  S.  d.) 
noble  vessel:  95  (V.  v.  13) 
none  so  poor:  59  (III.  ii. 

126) 
noted:  70  (IV.  iii.  2) 


126 


The  Tragedy  of 


nothing  (not  at  all):  10  (I. 

ii.  161) 
nothing,    Messala:    78    (IV. 

iii.  183) 

objects:  67  (IV.  i.  37) 
observe:  72  (IV.  iii.  45) 
occupation:  14  (I.  ii.  269) 
o'er-watch'd:     80     (IV.    iii. 

240) 

of  (in):  28  (II.  i.  157) 
of  ...  difference:  6   (I.  ii. 

40) 
old  Cassius   still:  86    (V.  i. 

63) 

omitted:  79   (IV.  iii.  219) 
on  (being  on):  25  (II.  i.  83) 
on   the   Lupercal:    58    (III. 

ii.  101) 

once:  78  (IV.  iii.  190) 
only  (alone):  97  (V.  v.  56) 
only  I  yield  to  die:  94  (V. 

iv.  12) 

ope:  13  (I.  ii.  267) 
or  ...  or:  27  (II.  i.  135) 
orchard:  22  (II.  i.  S.  d.) 
order:  51  (III.  i.  230) 
order  of  the  course:  5  (I. 

ii.  25) 

order'd:  98  (V.  v.  79) 
ordinance:  18  (I.  iii.  66) 
ordinary:  7  (I.  ii.  73) 
our  deeds  are  done:  91  (V. 

iii.  64) 

out  (of  temper):  2  (I.  i.  17) 
out  of  the  teeth:  40  (II.  iii. 

14) 

painted:  45   (III.  i.  63) 
palter:  27   (II.  i.  126) 
parley:  84  (V.  i.  21) 
part:  98  (V.  v.  81) 
part  the  numbers:  54    (III. 

ii.  4) 

Parthia:  90  (V.  iii.  37) 
passion:  53  (III.  i.  283) 
path:  25  (II.  i.  83) 


peevish:  86  (V.  i.  61) 
phantasma:  24   (II.  i.  65) 
physical:  32   (II.  i.  261) 
pit:  96  (V.  v.  23) 
pitch:  4   (I.  i.  77) 
pleasures:   63    (III.   ii.  255) 
Pluto's:  74  (IV.  iii.  101) 
point  upon:  17  (I.  iii.  32) 
Pompey's  basis:  47    (III.   i. 

115) 

Pompey's  blood:  3  (I.  i.  55) 
Pompey's  porch:  20    (I.  iii. 

126) 
poor  remains  of:  95   (V.  v. 

1) 

posture:  85   (V.  i.  33) 
powers:   67    (IV.  i.  42) 
practice:  71  (IV.  iii.  31) 
praetor's    chair:    21     (I.    iii. 

143) 
pray   to   move:    45    (III.    i. 

59) 
praying  on  his  side:  70  (IV. 

iii.  4) 
prefer    (offer):    44    (III.    i. 

28) 
prefer  (recommend) :  97  (V. 

v.  62) 
pre-ordinance :    44     (III.    i. 

38) 

present:  35   (II.  ii.  5) 
press:  38  (II.  ii.  88) 
prevent:  23  (II.  i.  28) 
prevention:  25   (II.  i.  85) 
prick'd  in  number:  51   (III. 

i.  216) 

proceeding:  39   (II.  ii.  103) 
produce:  51   (III.  i.  228) 
profess  myself:  7  (I.  ii.  77) 
promised    forth:    14    (I.    ii. 

294) 

proof:  23   (II.  i.  21) 
proper  (belonging) :  6  (I.  ii. 

41) 
proper  (individual):  93  (V. 

iii.  96) 


Julius  Ccesar 


127 


proper    (worthy) :    2    (I.    i. 

27) 

property:  67   (IV.  i.  40) 
protest:  52   (III.  i.  238) 
protester:  7  (I.  ii.  74) 
put  on:  18  (I.  iii.  60) 
put  to  silence:  14  (I.  ii.  291) 

quarrel:  23   (II.  i.  28) 
quarter'd:  53  (III.  i.  " 
question  of:  55  (III.  ii.  41) 
quick:  5  (I.  ii.  29) 
quick  mettle:  15  (I.  ii.  301) 

raise:  81   (IV.  iii.  246) 
rank    (over-ripe):    49    (III. 

i.  152) 
rank   (position):  46   (III.  i. 

69) 
rascal  counters:  73   (IV.  iii. 

SO) 

rated:  30   (II.  i.  216) 
reason  with:  87  (V.  i.  97) 
rebel:  45   (III.  i.  40) 
relics:  38  (II.  ii.  89) 
remorse:  23  (II.  i.  19) 
repealing:  45  (III.  i.  51) 
replication:  3  (I.  i.  50) 
resolved:  48   (III.  i.  131) 
respect  (heed):  73   (IV.  iii. 

69) 
respect    (worth) :    6    (I.    ii. 

59) 

resting:  45    (III.  i.  61) 
rheumy:  32  (II.  i.  266) 
right  form:  36  (II.  ii.  20) 
right  on:  62  (III.  ii.  227) 
riv'd:  73  (IV.  iii.  84) 
robbers:  71  (IV.  iii.  23) 
Rome:  10   (I.  ii.  155) 
rude:  55   (III.  ii.  33) 
ruffle:  62  (III.  ii.  " 


sad:  12  (I.  ii.  216) 
saving  of:  90  (V.  iii.  38) 
scandal:  7   (I.  ii.  76) 
schedule:  43   (III.  i.  3) 
search:  90   (V.  iii.  42) 


security  gives  way:  40   (II. 

iii.  8) 

sennet:  5  (I.  ii.  24,  S.  d.) 
sensible  of:  16  (I.  iii.  18) 
serv'd:  43  (III.  i.  8) 
set  on:  4  (I.  ii.  11) 
several  hands:  15  (I.  ii.  321) 
shape  .  .  .  condition:  32  (II. 

i.  253,  254) 
show'd  .  .  .  apes:  85   (V.  i. 

41) 
shrewd  contriver:  28   (II.  i. 

158) 

sick  offence:  32  (II.  i.  268) 
sickly  prey:  87  (V.  i.  87) 
side:  88  (V.  ii.  2) 
sign  .  .  .  profession:  1  (I.  i. 
4,  5) 
sign'd  .  .  .  spoil:  51   (III.  i. 

206) 
sink  in  the  trial:  69  (IV.  ii. 

27) 

sky:  17  (I.  iii.  39) 
sleek-headed:  11   (I.  ii.  192) 
slighted  off:  70   (IV.  iii.  5) 
smatch:  96  (V.  v.  46) 
so  (if):  10  (I.  ii.  165) 
so    please   him:   48    (III.    i. 

140) 

sober  form:  70  (IV.  ii.  40) 
soft:  13   (I.  ii.  252) 
softly:  70  (IV.  ii.  42) 
soil:  6  (I.  ii.  42) 
sooth:  41   (II.  iv.  20) 
space  .  .  .  honours  .  .  .  trash: 

71   (IV.  iii.  25,  26) 
spaniel:  45  (III.  i.  43) 
speed:  7  (I.  ii.  88) 
spurn  at:  22   (II.  i.  11) 
stains:  38  (II.  ii.  89) 
stal'd:  67   (IV.  i.  38) 
stale:  7  (I.  ii.  73) 
stand  (halt):  68  (IV.  ii..  1) 
stand  close:  20    (I.  iii.  131) 
stand  upon:  47  (III.  i.  100) 
stare:  82  (IV.  iii.  279) 
state:  10   (I.  ii.  159) 


128 


The  Tragedy  of 


Statilius  .  .  .  torch-light:  95 

(V.  v.  2) 

stay  (await) :  88  (V.  i.  107) 
stays    (keeps):    38    (II.    ii. 

75) 

sterile  curse:  4  (I.  ii.  9) 
still:  13   (I.  ii.  244) 
still  ...  to  the  purpose:  48 

(III.  i.  145,  146) 
stomachs:  86   (V.  i.  66) 
stood  on  ceremonies:  35  (II. 

ii.  13) 
strain   (of  music) :  81    (IV. 

iii.  256) 

strain  (race):  86  (V.  i.  59) 
strange-disposed:  17    (I.  iii. 

33) 

stretch'd  out:  67  (IV.  i.  44) 
success:  35   (II.  ii.  6) 
such  honour:  86   (V.  i.  61) 
sufferance      (distress):      27 

(II.  i.  115) 
suffering   (patient):  27    (II. 

i.  130) 

sway:  16   (I.  iii.  3) 
swore  thee:  90  (V.  iii.  38) 
swounded:  13  (I.  ii.  249) 

tag-rag:  13  (I.  ii.  259) 
take  note  of:  91  (V.  iii.  50) 
take  thought:  29  (II.  i.  187) 
tardy  form:  15   (I.  ii.  304) 
taste:  67   (IV.  i.  34) 
temper:  9   (I.  ii.  129) 
than  secret:  27   (II.  i.  125) 
Thasos:  93   (V.  iii.  104) 
that  (as):  20  (I.  iii.  117) 
that    (so  that):   53    (III.   i. 

274) 
that    (the   same):    5    (I.    ii. 

33) 
that    (to   which):   15    (I.   ii. 

315) 

that  day:  60  (III.  ii.  178) 
that  were  much  he   should: 

29   (II.  i.   188) 
the  cause:  85  (V.  i.  48) 


the  gods:  87  (V.  i.  94) 

the    horse    in    general:    69 

(IV.  ii.  29) 
the  time's  abuse:  27   (II.  i. 

115) 

the  which:  54  (III.  i.  295) 
the  world:  15  (I.  ii.  312) 
there  is  so  much:  94  (V.  iv. 

13) 
these   and  these:   23    (II.   i. 

31) 

thick:  90  (V.  iii.  21) 
this  side  Tiber:  63   (III.  ii. 

254) 

thorough:  48  (III.  i.  136) 
three-and-thirty:    85    (V.    i. 

53) 
three-fold  world  divided:  66 

(IV.  i.  14) 
three     o'clock    .    .    .    second 

fight:  93  (V.  iii.  109,  110) 
thunder-stone:  18  (I.  iii.  49) 
thy  full  petition:  24  (II.  i. 

58) 
tide    of    times:    52    (III.    i. 

257) 

tinctures:  38  (II.  ii.  89) 
to  whom:  34  (II.  i.  331) 
toils:  30   (II.  i.  206) 
touch     thy    instrument:     81 

(IV.  iii.  256) 
trees:  30  (II.  i.  204) 
tried  the  utmost:  79  (IV.  iii. 

213) 

triumph:  2  (I.  i.  35) 
true:  13   (I.  ii.  262) 

unbraced:  18  (I.  iii.  48) 
undergo:  20  (I.  iii.  123) 
unluckily  .  .  .  fantasy:  64 

(III.  iii.  2) 

unmeritable:  66   (IV.  i.  12) 
unpurged:  32  (II.  i.  266) 
untrod:  48   (III.  i.  136) 
upon  (of):  76  (IV.  iii.  151) 
upon  (towards) :  82  (IV.  iii. 

277) 


Julius  Caesar 


129 


upon    a    wish:    64    (III.    ii. 

271) 

use  (n.):  36  (II.  ii.  25) 
use  (vb.):  98  (V.  v.  76) 
uttermost:  30  (II.  i.  213) 

ventures:  79  (IV.  iii.  223) 
void:  42  (II.  iv.  37) 
vouchsafe:  34   (II.  i.  313) 

walk  (vb.):  1   (I.  i.  3) 
walks  (n.):  10  (I.  ii.  154) 
warn:  83   (V.  i.  5) 
watch:  81   (IV.  iii.  248) 
weighing:  26  (II.  i.  108) 
well  given:  11   (I.  ii.  196) 
well   to   friend:   48    (III.   i. 

143) 

what  (why):  27  (II.  i.  123) 
what  bastard   doth   not:   93 

(V.  iv.  2) 

what  night:  17  (I.  iii.  42) 
what  villain  .  .  .  justice:  71 

(IV.  iii.  20,  21) 
when:  22  (II.  i.  5) 
whiles:  11   (I.  ii.  208) 
who's:  34  (II.  i.  309) 


why:  18  (I.  iii.  63) 
wind:  67  (IV.  i.  32) 
with  (against) :  8  (I.  ii.  101) 
with  (by):  45  (III.  i.  42) 
with  a  spot  I  damn  him:  66 

(IV.  i.  6) 

with  awl:  2  (I.  i.  25) 
with  your  will:  79   (IV.  iii. 

223) 

withal:  33  (II.  i.  292) 
within   the  tent   of   Brutus: 

70  (IV.  iii.  S.  d.) 
wives:  47  (III.  i.  97) 
woe  the  while:  19  (I.  iii.  82) 
word  .  .  .  world:  59  (III.  ii. 

124,  125) 

work:  10  (I.  ii.  162) 
worse   days   endure:    15    (I. 

ii.  327) 

yearns:  40  (II.  ii.  129) 
yoke  and  sufferance:  19  (I. 

iii.  84) 
you  were  best:  64   (III.  iii. 

13) 
your  brother  Cassius:  25  (II. 

i.  70) 


14  DAY  USE 

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